Patterns and Correlates of Bone Mineral Density Parameters Measured Using Calcaneus Quantitative Ultrasound in Chinese Adults.

Monitoring bone mineral density (BMD) in adults is critical for early detection of osteoporosis and prevention of fracture, for which quantitative ultrasound (QUS) is a good non-invasive tool. We examined the associations of QUS measures, including stiffness index (SI) and T-score, with socio-demographic, lifestyle, and anthropometric correlates and risk of subsequent fracture. : Calcaneal QUS was performed using GE's Lunar Achilles EXPII among 24,651 adults (mean age 59.

Development and preliminary validation of the evaluation scale for nurses' core emergency response abilities in sudden major infectious disease outbreaks.

Background: In recent years, the escalating frequency and intensity of infectious disease outbreaks have underscored the profound severity and global ramifications of public health challenges confronting healthcare systems. As frontline responders during emerging infectious disease crises, nurses' core emergency response competencies critically influence the timeliness and efficacy of outbreak prevention and control measures. Currently, standardized assessment instruments for evaluating nurses' core emergency response capabilities during major infectious disease outbreaks remain underdeveloped.

ImmunoPET Imaging of Trop2 Expression in Bladder Cancer Using [Cu]Cu-NOTA-Trodelvy.

Trop2 exhibits significantly elevated expression in numerous solid malignancies, playing a crucial role in tumor advancement, whereas its presence in healthy tissues is minimal. In this study, we investigated Trop2 expression in bladder cancer models using [Cu]Cu-NOTA-Trodelvy for immunoPET imaging. In HT-1376 models, [Cu]Cu-NOTA-Trodelvy effectively visualized tumor as early as 12 h p.

The association between features of epicardial adipose tissue and the risks of early recurrence after catheter ablation in patients with atrial fibrillation.

Background: Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) remodeling is associated with atrial fibrillation (AF). However, there is limited research on the contribution of EAT to the risk of AF recurrence (AFR). The purpose of this research was to assess the relationship between the risk of AFR after radiofrequency catheter ablation and the volume and attenuation of the EAT.

Acute Impact of Nonoptimal Ambient Temperatures on Plasma Levels of 3000 Proteins in Chinese Adults.

Nonoptimal ambient temperatures (i.e., cold and heat) are leading environmental determinants of major diseases worldwide, but the underlying pathological mechanisms are still poorly understood.

Polygenic risk scores for pan-cancer risk prediction in the Chinese population: A population-based cohort study based on the China Kadoorie Biobank.

Background: Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) have been extensively developed for cancer risk prediction in European populations, but their effectiveness in the Chinese population remains uncertain.

Methods And Findings: We constructed 80 PRSs for the 13 most common cancers using seven schemes and evaluated these PRSs in 100,219 participants from the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB). The optimal PRSs with the highest discriminatory ability were used to define genetic risk, and their site-specific and cross-cancer associations were assessed.

ImmunoPET imaging of Trop2 expression in triple-negative breast cancer using [Cu]Cu-NOTA-Trodelvy-F(ab').

Purpose: The Trop2-targeting antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) sacituzumab govitecan (Trodelvy) has demonstrated remarkable efficacy in patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). ImmunoPET imaging offers a noninvasive method to visualize the expression and distribution of target antigens in vivo. In this study, we developed F(ab') fragments of Trodelvy for immunoPET imaging to detect Trop2 expression in TNBC models, aiming to achieve a shorter imaging window.

Comparative studies of 2168 plasma proteins measured by two affinity-based platforms in 4000 Chinese adults.

Proteomics offers unique insights into human biology and drug development, but few studies have directly compared the utility of different proteomics platforms. We measured plasma levels of 2168 proteins in 3976 Chinese adults using both Olink Explore and SomaScan platforms. The correlation of protein levels between platforms was modest (median rho = 0.

Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Based Therapy: A Promising Approach for Autoimmune Diseases.

Autoimmune diseases are characterized by immune dysregulation, resulting in aberrant reactivity of T cells and antibodies to self-antigens, leading to various patterns of inflammation and organ dysfunction. However, current therapeutic agents exhibit broad-spectrum activity and lack disease-specific selectivity, leading to enduring adverse effects, notably severe infections, and malignancies, and patients often fail to achieve the intended clinical goals. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent stromal cells that can be easily derived from various tissues, such as adipose tissue, umbilical cords, Wharton's jelly, placenta, and dental tissues.

Associations of total, domain-specific, and intensity-specific physical activity with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in China: A population-based cohort study.

Background: Evidence of an association between physical activity (PA) and mortality has mainly focused on leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA). We aimed to assess the associations of total, domain-specific, and intensity-specific PA with all-cause and cause-specific mortality.

Methods: We used baseline PA data from the China Kadoorie Biobank, including 482,067 participants aged 30-79 years from 10 areas in China.

A Qualitative Study of the Experience of Multidisciplinary Teamwork in Chronic Critical Illness Patients.

Purpose: To explore the reasons for poor multidisciplinary team (MDT) cooperation of Chronic Critical Illness (CCI) patients and their needs and expectations for carrying out MDT cooperation, with a view to providing references for improving MDT cooperation of CCI patients.

Methods: Semi-structured interviews with 15 members of the MDT of CCI patients in a hospital of Henan Province were conducted in September and October of 2024 using a descriptive qualitative design. The data were analyzed using the thematic analysis method developed by Braun and Clarke.

An injectable responsive exosome-releasing hydrogel based on sodium alginate restores motor and bladder function by alleviating the injury microenvironment and facilitating distal nerve repair.

In the early stage of spinal cord injury (SCI), excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulate at the injury site to establish a microenvironment favoring complex secondary injuries, including cavity formation, and impacting the distal lumbosacral spinal cord. Currently, no definitive clinical treatment is available for SCI. Here, we created an responsive and injectable hydrogel composite (GEL-EXO) by modifying and cross-linking biological macromolecules sodium alginate (SA) and gelatin in the form of embedded exosomes.

Long-Term Fine Particulate Matter Exposure on Lung Cancer Incidence and Mortality in Chinese Nonsmokers.

The association between fine particulate matter (PM) and lung cancer incidence in non-smokers (LCINS) remains inconsistent. To investigate the association between long-term PM exposure and LCINS in a Chinese population and to assess the modifying effect of genetic factors. Time-dependent Cox proportional hazard models were employed to evaluate the hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of PM with LCINS risk and LCINS-related mortality.

Associations Between Snoring, Body Mass Index and Coronary Artery Diseases: Observational and Mendelian Randomization Study in Asia.

Background And Objective: Previous observational studies reported a complex relationship between snoring and coronary artery disease (CAD). We aimed to estimate the causal associations between snoring and CAD among East Asian people, and the effects independent of BMI.

Methods: Based on 497,250 adults from China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB), we performed a conventional prospective analysis between snoring and CAD outcomes, using the multivariable Cox regression.

Downregulation of PGAM2 alleviates angiotensin II-induced cardiac hypertrophy by destabilizing HSP90 and inactivating the mTOR/IKKα signaling pathway.

Pathological cardiac hypertrophy is a major contributor to heart failure. The present study aims to elucidate the role and mechanisms of phosphoglycerate mutase 2 (PGAM2) in the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy. PGAM2 expression was increased in both primary neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) and rat models in response to angiotensin II (Ang II).

Preclinical evaluation of zirconium-89 labeled anti-Trop2 antibody-drug conjugate (Trodelvy) for imaging in gastric cancer and triple-negative breast cancer.

Purpose: Trophoblast cell-surface antigen 2 (Trop2) is overexpressed in various solid tumors and contributes to tumor progression, while its expression remains low in normal tissues. Trop2-targeting antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), sacituzumab govitecan-hziy (Trodelvy), has shown efficacy in targeting this antigen. Leveraging the enhanced specificity of ADCs, we conducted the first immunoPET imaging study of Trop2 expression in gastric cancer (GC) and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) models using Zr-labeled Trodelvy ([Zr]Zr-DFO-Trodelvy).

Multi-wavelength global maps of Jupiter and Saturn using Cassini imaging system data.

The Imaging Science Subsystem onboard the Cassini spacecraft recorded numerous high-quality images of Jupiter and Saturn at various wavelengths, from ultraviolet to near-infrared, during its 20-year mission from 1997 to 2017. Using these images, we have developed global maps of Jupiter and Saturn across multiple wavelengths. These maps reveal the global atmospheric structures of Jupiter and Saturn, offering a comprehensive tool to study the physical and dynamic processes of these atmospheric systems on a global scale.

Recent Advances in Strategies to Enhance Photodynamic and Photothermal Therapy Performance of Single-Component Organic Phototherapeutic Agents.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) have emerged as promising treatment options, showcasing immense potential in addressing both oncologic and nononcologic diseases. Single-component organic phototherapeutic agents (SCOPAs) offer advantages compared to inorganic or multicomponent nanomedicine, including better biosafety, lower toxicity, simpler synthesis, and enhanced reproducibility. Nonetheless, how to further improve the therapeutic effectiveness of SCOPAs remains a challenging research area.

Optic nerve-mediated modulation of temporally interfering electric fields for potential targeted retinal disease therapy: a computational modeling study.

Introduction: Traditional extraocular electrical stimulation typically produces diffuse electric fields across the retina, limiting the precision of targeted therapy. Temporally interfering (TI) electrical stimulation, an emerging approach, can generate convergent electric fields, providing advantages for targeted treatment of various eye conditions.

Objective: Understanding how detailed structures of the retina, especially the optic nerve, affects electric fields can enhance the application of TI approach in retinal neurodegenerative and vascular diseases, an essential aspect that has been frequently neglected in previous researches.

Adiposity and risks of gastrointestinal cancers: A 10-year prospective study of 0.5 million Chinese adults.

Associations of adiposity with risks of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and non-cardia stomach cancer, both prevalent in China, are still inconclusive. While adiposity is an established risk factor for colorectal cancer, the relevance of fat-free mass and early-adulthood adiposity remains to be explored. The prospective China Kadoorie Biobank study included 0.

Comparison of models to predict incident chronic liver disease: a systematic review and external validation in Chinese adults.

Background: Risk prediction models can identify individuals at high risk of chronic liver disease (CLD), but there is limited evidence on the performance of various models in diverse populations. We aimed to systematically review CLD prediction models, meta-analyze their performance, and externally validate them in 0.5 million Chinese adults in the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB).

[Building a food image dataset based on intelligent recognition and weight estimation].

Objective: To improve the accuracy of food intelligent recognition and weight estimation technology, establish a large-scale food image dataset.

Methods: Building large-scale food image and ingredient datasets based on web crawler technology, professional manual collection, and regular user uploads.

Results: A big dataset was constructed containing over 1.

Effects and mechanisms of Apelin in treating central nervous system diseases.

Apelin, an endogenous ligand of G protein-coupled receptor APJ, is widely distributed in the central nervous system (CNS). It can be divided into such subtypes as Apelin-13, Apelin-17, and Apelin-36 as they have different amino acid structures. All Apelin is widely studied as an adipokine, showing a significant protective effect through regulating apoptosis, autophagy, oxidative stress, angiogenesis, inflammation, and other pathophysiological processes.

Phenotypic Versus Genetic Mismatch of BMI and Type 2 Diabetes: Evidence From Two Prospective Cohort Studies.

Unlabelled: Little is known about the population-based mismatch between phenotypic and genetic BMI (BMI-PGM) and its association with type 2 diabetes. We therefore used data from the China Kadoorie Biobank and UK Biobank and calculated BMI-PGM for each participant as the difference between the percentile for adjusted BMI at baseline and the percentile for adjusted polygenic risk score for BMI. Participants were categorized into discordantly low (BMI-PGM < the first quartile), concordant (the first quartile ≤ BMI-PGM < the third quartile), and discordantly high (BMI-PGM ≥ the third quartile) groups.