A novel mode of WRKY1 regulating PR1-mediated immune balance to defend against powdery mildew in apple.

Powdery mildew (PM), caused by the biotrophic fungus Podospharea leucotricha, poses a significant threat to apple production. Salicylic acid (SA) signaling plays a crucial role in enhancing resistance to biotrophic pathogens. While PR1, a defense protein induced by SA, is essential for plant immunity, its excessive accumulation can be detrimental.

WRKY1-Mediated Interconversion of MeSA and SA in Neighbouring Apple Plants Enhances Defence Against Powdery Mildew.

Powdery mildew (PM), caused by the biotrophic fungus Podospharea leucotricha, is a major threat to apple production. Plant-plant communication (PPC) is a crucial strategy for plant communities to enhance their defence against pathogens. The interconversion of methyl salicylate (MeSA) and salicylic acid (SA) is critical for PPC regulation, but the mechanism of MeSA-mediated PPC is not fully understood.

Whole-genome resequencing identifies candidate genes and allelic variation in the MdNADP-ME promoter that regulate fruit malate and fructose contents in apple.

Soluble sugar and organic acids are key determinants of fruit organoleptic quality and directly affect the commodity value and economic returns of fruit crops. We performed whole-genome sequencing of the apple varieties Gala and Xiahongrou, along with their F1 hybrids, to construct a high-density bin map. Our quantitative genetic analysis pinpointed 53 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) related to 11 sugar and acid traits.

Molecular Mechanism of Resistance to Apple Pathotype in Apple by Alternative Splicing of Transcription Factor .

As a fruit tree with great economic value, apple is widely cultivated in China. However, apple leaf spot disease causes significant damage to apple quality and economic value. In our study, we found that is a transcription factor without auto-activation activity and with three alternative spliced variants.

Comparative transcriptomics analysis reveals MdGRAS53 contributes to disease resistance against Alternaria blotch of apple.

Alternaria blotch disease, caused by Alternaria alternata apple pathotype (AAAP), is one of the most prevalent diseases in apple production. To identify AAAP resistance-related genes and provide a theoretical basis for Alternaria blotch disease resistance breeding, we used two apple cultivars, 'Jonathan', a variety resistant to AAAP infection, and 'Starking Delicious', a variety susceptible to AAAP infection, as materials to perform transcriptome sequencing of apple leaves 72 h after AAAP infection. A Venn diagram showed that a total of 5229 DEGs of 'Jonathan' and 4326 DEGs of 'Starking Delicious' were identified.

iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analysis provides insights into strong broodiness in Muscovy duck (Cairina moschata) combined with metabolomics analysis.

Much attention has been paid to the broodiness of the Muscovy duck, but the molecular mechanism of broodiness remains largely unknown. In this study, the ovary tissues of Muscovy ducks during the broody and laying periods were used to investigate differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) by the iTRAQ-based proteomics approach. A total of 335 DEPs were identified, including 139 up-regulated and 196 down-regulated proteins.