Strongly concealed adversarial attack against text classification models with limited queries.

In black-box scenarios, adversarial attacks against text classification models face challenges in ensuring highly available adversarial samples, especially a high number of invalid queries under long texts. The existing methods select distractors by comparing the confidence vector differences obtained before and after deleting words, and the query increases linearly with the length of the text, making it difficult to apply to attack scenarios with limited queries. Generating adversarial samples based on a thesaurus can lead to semantic inconsistencies and even grammatical errors, making it easy for the target model to recognize adversarial samples and resulting in a low success rate of attacks.

Mechanism and future prospect of treatment of facial paralysis caused by herpes zoster virus infection with acupuncture combined with medicine: A review.

Herpes zoster virus infectious facial paralysis is caused by the reactivation and replication of varicella-zoster virus, which leads to herpetic inflammatory lesions, resulting in peripheral facial paralysis associated with herpes rash in the auricle and external ear, and vestibular cochlear dysfunction. It is also known as Ramsey-Hunter syndrome (Hunt syndrome). Facial paralysis caused by herpes zoster is difficult to cure due to its easy loss of treatment and mistreatment.

Network Pharmacology and Experimental Analysis to Explore the Effect and Mechanism of Modified Buyang Huanwu Decoction in the Treatment of Diabetic Nephropathy.

Purpose: Preventing and treating diabetic nephropathy (DN) are global challenges due to the complexity and diversity of its causes and manifestations. It is important to find effective medications to treat DN.

Patients And Methods: Gene expression files of DN were downloaded from the GEO database to identify the differentially expressed genes.

Advances in the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy by modulating gut microbiota with traditional Chinese medicine.

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is one of the strongest risk factors for diabetic foot ulcers (neuropathic ulcerations) and the existing ulcers may further deteriorate due to the damage to sensory neurons. Moreover, the resulting numbness in the limbs causes difficulty in discovering these ulcerations in a short time. DPN is associated with gut microbiota dysbiosis.

Research progress on insomnia treated by traditional Chinese medicine and acupuncture based on microbial-gut-brain axis theory.

Insomnia, as one of the emotional diseases, has been increasing in recent years, which has a great impact on people's life and work. Therefore, researchers are eager to find a more perfect treatment. The microbiome-gut-brain axis is a new theory that has gradually become popular abroad in recent years and has a profound impact in the field of insomnia.

Research progress on the treatment of perimenopausal insomnia with Chaihu Jia Longgu Muli decoction based on brain-intestine-bacteria axis: A review.

With the progress and rapid societal development, women are confronted with multifaceted pressures in their lives, encompassing familial and other domains. Furthermore, during the perimenopausal phase, endocrine equilibrium is disrupted, leading to the emergence of psychological and physiological health challenges. Insomnia is a prevalent symptom among perimenopausal individuals.

Study on the active ingredients and mechanism of Jiaotai Pill in the treatment of primary insomnia based on network pharmacology and GEO statistics: A review.

Objective: To explore the active components and mechanism of Jiaotai Pill (JTP) in the treatment of primary insomnia (PI) based on gene expression omnibus.

Methods: The main active components of Jiaotai Pills were obtained by TCMSP and literature mining, and the targets of the active components of Jiaotai Pills were predicted. The targets were verified and standardized by Uniprot database.

Cascade Catalytic Nanoparticles Selectively Alkalize Cancerous Lysosomes to Suppress Cancer Progression and Metastasis.

Lysosomes are critical in modulating the progression and metastasis for various cancers. There is currently an unmet need for lysosomal alkalizers that can selectively and safely alter the pH and inhibit the function of cancer lysosomes. Here an effective, selective, and safe lysosomal alkalizer is reported that can inhibit autophagy and suppress tumors in mice.

Co-Delivery of Metabolic Modulators Leads to Simultaneous Lactate Metabolism Inhibition and Intracellular Acidification for Synergistic Cancer Therapy.

Simultaneous lactate metabolism inhibition and intracellular acidification (LIIA) is a promising approach for inducing tumor regression by depleting ATP. However, given the limited efficacy of individual metabolic modulators, a combination of various modulators is required for highly efficient LIIA. Herein, a co-delivery system that combines lactate transporter inhibitor, glucose oxidase, and O -evolving nanoparticles is proposed.

Efficacy of traditional Chinese exercises in improving anthropometric and biochemical indicators in overweight and obese subjects: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The efficacy of traditional Chinese exercise (TCE)-based intervention in the improvement of anthropometric and biochemical indicators in overweight and obese patients is controversial. In this regard, the aim of this review was to summarize the evidence of TCE interventions to evaluate their effectiveness on the anthropometric and biochemical indicators of overweight and obese patients.

Method: Five databases were systematically searched for relevant articles published from inception to October 2022.

The prognostic value and response to immunotherapy of immunogenic cell death-associated genes in breast cancer.

Breast cancer (BRCA) remains the most prevalent cancer worldwide and the tumor microenvironment (TME) has been discovered to exert a wide influence on the overall survival and therapeutic response. Numerous lines of evidence reported that the effects of immunotherapy of BRCA were manipulated by TME. Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is a form of regulated cell death (RCD) that is capable of fueling adaptive immune responses and aberrant expression of ICD-related genes (ICDRGs) can govern the TME system by emitting danger signals or damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs).

Value of internet of things-based diagnosis-treatment model in improving the quality of medical services during COVID-19 outbreak.

Objective: To demonstrate the value of Internet of things (IoT)-based diagnosis-treatment model in improving medical service quality during the novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) outbreak.

Methods: In this retrospective analysis, 483 patients with chronic diseases treated between January 2020 and March 2021 were selected and grouped as follows based on different intervention methods: a research group (the Res group) with 229 patients that were given IoT-based diagnosis and treatment, and a control group (the Con group) with 254 patients that were treated with routine diagnosis and treatment. The qualified rate of medical records, the missing rate of medical records, and the incidence of doctor-patient disputes were compared between the two groups.

TCM syndrome differentiation and treatment of narcolepsy based on neurobiological mechanism: A review.

Narcolepsy is a relatively rare brain disorder caused by the selective loss of orexin neurons. Narcolepsy is divided into Narcolepsy Type 1 (NT1) and Narcolepsis Type 2 (NT2). The pathogenesis of NT1 has been well established due to the severe loss of orexin neurons, while NT2 is still poorly understood, and little is known about its underlying neurobiological mechanisms.

Treatment of Alzheimer's disease by combination of acupuncture and Chinese medicine based on pathophysiological mechanism: A review.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by neurodegeneration, nerve loss, neurofibrillary tangles, and Aβ plaques. In modern medical science, there has been a serious obstacle to the effective treatment of AD. At present, there is no clinically proven and effective western medicine treatment for AD.

Clinical study of "Jiaotai Pill" combined with head massage with 5-tone rhythm on insomnia patients of heart-kidney disharmony type.

Objective: To explore the curative effect of "Jiaotai Pill" combined with head rhythmic massage consistent with 5-tone rhythm on insomnia of heart-kidney disharmony type.

Methods: Sixty patients with insomnia in massage clinic and ward were randomly divided into treatment group A (30 cases) and treatment group B (30 cases). Patients in group A were treated with traditional head massage combined with oral estazolam tablets.

Mechanism of Schwann cells in diabetic peripheral neuropathy: A review.

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is the most common neuropathy in the world, mainly manifested as bilateral symmetry numbness, pain or paresthesia, with a high rate of disability and mortality. Schwann cells (SCs), derived from neural ridge cells, are the largest number of glial cells in the peripheral nervous system, and play an important role in DPN. Studies have found that SCs are closely related to the pathogenesis of DPN, such as oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammation, impaired neurotrophic support and dyslipidemia.

Exploration of restless legs syndrome under the new concept: A review.

Restless leg syndrome (Restless legs syndrome, RLS) is a common neurological disorder. The pathogenesis of RLS remains unknown, and recent pathophysiological developments have shown the contribution of various genetic markers, neurotransmitter dysfunction, and iron deficiency to the disease, as well as other unidentified contributing mechanisms, particularly chronic renal dysfunction. RLS enhancement syndrome is frequently observed in patients with RLS who have received long-term dopamine agonist therapy, manifesting as a worsening of RLS symptoms, usually associated with an increase in the dose of dopamine agonist.

MicroRNA-506 ameliorates breast cancer-induced osteolytic bone metastasis via the NFATc-1 signaling pathway.

Breast cancer is becoming a common life-threatening disease, especially in women, along with higher incidence and mortality. MicroRNA (miR)-506 was reported to participate in breast cancer progression, while the role of miR-506 in breast cancer-induced osteolytic bone metastasis is unclear. In the present study, we found significant downregulation of miR-506 in breast cancer tissues and cell lines.

Rule extraction from biased random forest and fuzzy support vector machine for early diagnosis of diabetes.

Due to concealed initial symptoms, many diabetic patients are not diagnosed in time, which delays treatment. Machine learning methods have been applied to increase the diagnosis rate, but most of them are black boxes lacking interpretability. Rule extraction is usually used to turn on the black box.

Cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS)/H2S system promotes lymph node metastasis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) by activating SIRT1.

Lymph node metastasis is a key factor of death and prognosis in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Previous studies have demonstrated that Cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS)/H2S system plays important roles in progression of various cancer. However, the function and mechanism of CBS/H2S system in lymph node metastasis of ESCC remains unclear.

Exploring the Therapeutic Mechanisms of Huzhang-Shanzha Herb Pair against Coronary Heart Disease by Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking.

Background: Coronary heart disease (CHD) seriously affects human health, and its pathogenesis is closely related to atherosclerosis. The Huzhang (the root of )-Shanzha (the fruit of sp.), a classic herb pair, has been widely used for the treatment of CHD.

Vanadium -mediated ultrafine Co/CoS nanoparticles anchored on Co-N-doped porous carbon enable efficient hydrogen evolution and oxygen reduction reactions.

Developing cost-effective, highly-active and robust electrocatalysts is of vital importance to supersede noble-metal ones for both hydrogen evolution reactions (HERs) and oxygen reduction reactions (ORRs). Herein, a unique vanadium-mediated space confined strategy is reported to construct a composite structure involving Co/CoS nanoparticles anchored on Co-N-doped porous carbon (VCS@NC) as bifunctional electrocatalysts toward HER and ORR. Benefitting from the ultrafine nanostructure, abundant Co-N active sites, large specific surface area and defect-rich carbon framework, the resultant VCS@NC exhibits unexceptionable HER catalytic activity, needing extremely low HER overpotentials in pH-universal media (alkaline: 117 mV, acid: 178 mV, neutral: 210 mV) at a current density of 10 mA cm, paralleling at least 100 h catalytic durability.