MDSCs promote pathological angiogenesis in ocular neovascular disease.

Background: Ocular neovascular diseases, which contribute significantly to vision loss, lack effective preventive treatments. Recent studies have highlighted the significant involvement of immune cells in neovascular retinopathy. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) promote the development of neovascularization, but it is unknown whether they participate in pathological neovascularization and whether they are expected to be a therapeutic target.

Beyond cyanogenesis: Temperature gradients drive environmental adaptation in North American white clover (Trifolium repens L.).

Species that repeatedly evolve phenotypic clines across environmental gradients have been highlighted as ideal systems for characterizing the genomic basis of local environmental adaptation. However, few studies have assessed the importance of observed phenotypic clines for local adaptation: conspicuous traits that vary clinally may not necessarily be the most critical in determining local fitness. The present study was designed to fill this gap, using a plant species characterized by repeatedly evolved adaptive phenotypic clines.

High-dimensional immune profiling using mass cytometry reveals IL-17A-producing γδ T cells as biomarkers in patients with T-cell-activated idiopathic severe aplastic anemia.

Severe aplastic anemia (SAA) is a bone marrow failure syndrome characterized by activated T cells. Features of T-cell activation in the pathophysiology of SAA remain unknown. To understand T cell activation states, we investigated the atlas of peripheral immune cells and the secreted cytokine network with single cell mass cytometry analysis.

Lost genome segments associate with trait diversity during rice domestication.

Background: DNA mutations of diverse types provide the raw material required for phenotypic variation and evolution. In the case of crop species, previous research aimed to elucidate the changing patterns of repetitive sequences, single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and small InDels during domestication to explain morphological evolution and adaptation to different environments. Additionally, structural variations (SVs) encompassing larger stretches of DNA are more likely to alter gene expression levels leading to phenotypic variation affecting plant phenotypes and stress resistance.

Hard versus soft selective sweeps during domestication and improvement in soybean.

Genome scans for selection can provide an efficient way to dissect the genetic basis of domestication traits and understand mechanisms of adaptation during crop evolution. Selection involving soft sweeps (simultaneous selection for multiple alleles) is probably common in plant genomes but is under-studied, and few if any studies have systematically scanned for soft sweeps in the context of crop domestication. Using genome resequencing data from 302 wild and domesticated soybean accessions, we conducted selection scans using five widely employed statistics to identify selection candidates under classical (hard) and soft sweeps.

CXCR4 is a Novel Biomarker Correlated With Malignant Transformation and Immune Infiltrates in Gastric Precancerous Lesions.

As early gastric cancer (EGC) has a far better prognosis than advanced gastric cancer (GC), early diagnosis and treatment are essential. However, understanding the mechanism of the process from gastric precancerous lesion (GPL) becoming EGC has made little advances. Besides, biomarkers that can monitor the progression of GPL-to-GC are still much insufficient.

Prognostic role of DFNA5 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma revealed by systematic expression analysis.

Background: The gasdermin E gene (GSDME, also known as DFNA5) is mutated in familial aging-related hearing loss. Recent studies have also revealed that the expression of DFNA5 is suppressed in many cancer types; however, little is known about the function of DFNA5 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Accordingly, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the expression of DFNA5 and explore its prognostic value in HNSCC.

Identification of LINC00665-miR-let-7b-CCNA2 competing endogenous RNA network associated with prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma.

Prognosis of patients with lung cancer remains extremely poor; thus, we sought to unearth novel competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks associated with the prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Aberrant mRNAs were identified from the intersection of three Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed, and miRNAs and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) upstream of mRNAs were predicted.

Expansion of Polymorphonuclear Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Patients With Gout.

Gout is an inflammatory joint disease caused by monosodium urate (MSU) crystals; however, the mechanism underlying MSU-induced inflammation is unclear. Previous research has suggested that inflammation or cancer can drive the expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). In this study, the role of MDSCs in MSU-induced gout inflammation was evaluated.

Construction of an 11-microRNA-based signature and a prognostic nomogram to predict the overall survival of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients.

Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a fatal malignancy owing to the lack of effective tools to predict overall survival (OS). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in HNSCC occurrence, development, invasion and metastasis, significantly affecting the OS of patients. Thus, the construction of miRNA-based risk signatures and nomograms is desirable to predict the OS of patients with HNSCC.

Prognostic value of S1PR1 and its correlation with immune infiltrates in breast and lung cancers.

Background: Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor (S1PR1) is involved in vascular development, a key process in tumorigenesis. This study aimed to evaluate its roles in tumor development and prognosis.

Methods: S1PR1 expression levels were analyzed using TIMER and Oncomine database, and the prognostic significance of S1PR1 was assessed using PrognoScan and Kaplan-Meier plotter databases.

Bromodomain 4 is a potent prognostic marker associated with immune cell infiltration in breast cancer.

Bromodomain 4 (BRD4), a member of the bromodomain and extra-terminal domain protein family, has become a promising epigenetic target in cancer and inflammatory diseases; however, the detailed biological role of BRD4 in breast cancer (BRCA) remains undetermined. We analysed the BRD4 expression levels using the Oncomine and TIMER databases and evaluated the clinical impact of BRD4 on BRCA prognosis using Kaplan-Meier plot and PrognoScan. The correlation between BRD4 and tumour-infiltrating immune cells was investigated using TIMER.

Expansion of PMN-myeloid derived suppressor cells and their clinical relevance in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Objectives: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common head and neck malignancy worldwide, with a high mortality. The prognosis of OSCC remains unsatisfactory; the dysregulated immune system plays an important role in the pathogenesis of OSCC. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) have been identified as immune-suppressive cells in multiple tumor types.

Expansion and activation of monocytic-myeloid-derived suppressor cell via STAT3/arginase-I signaling in patients with ankylosing spondylitis.

Background: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory rheumatic disease. The dysregulated immune system plays an important role in the pathogenesis of AS. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) play a key immunoregulatory role in autoimmune arthritis.

Signatures of soft sweeps across the Dt1 locus underlying determinate growth habit in soya bean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.].

Determinate growth habit is an agronomically important trait associated with domestication in soya bean. Previous studies have demonstrated that the emergence of determinacy is correlated with artificial selection on four nonsynonymous mutations in the Dt1 gene. To better understand the signatures of the soft sweeps across the Dt1 locus and track the origins of the determinate alleles, we examined patterns of nucleotide variation in Dt1 and the surrounding genomic region of approximately 800 kb.

Identification of an HIV-1 replication inhibitor which rescues host restriction factor APOBEC3G in Vif-APOBEC3G complex.

HIV-1 Vif protein is one of the most crucial accessory proteins for viral replication. It efficiently counteracts the important host restriction factor APOBEC3G (apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like 3G, A3G) which is lethal to HIV-1 by causing G to A mutation of viral genome. Vif protein mediates degradation of APOBEC3G via the complicated protein-protein interactions of Vif, APOBEC3G, Elongin C/B and Cullin 5.

MicroRNA-196b promotes cell proliferation and suppress cell differentiation in vitro.

MicroRNA-196b (miR-196b) is frequently amplified and aberrantly overexpressed in acute leukemias. To investigate the role of miR-196b in acute leukemias, it has been observed that forced expression of this miRNA increases proliferation and inhibits apoptosis in human cell lines. More importantly, we show that this miRNA can significantly increase the colony-forming capacity of mouse normal bone marrow progenitor cells alone, as well as partially blocking the cells from differentiation.

Cross talk between histone deacetylase 4 and STAT6 in the transcriptional regulation of arginase 1 during mouse dendritic cell differentiation.

l-Arginine and l-arginine-metabolizing enzymes play important roles in the biology of some types of myeloid cells, including macrophage and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. In this study, we found evidence that arginase 1 (Arg1) is required for the differentiation of mouse dendritic cells (DCs). Expression of Arg1 was robustly induced during monocyte-derived DC differentiation.

Ribavirin enhances myeloid-derived suppressor cell differentiation through CXCL9/10 downregulation.

Elevation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) was observed in some viral infectious diseases. In this study, we studied whether ribavirin, a widely used clinical antiviral drug, could impact the differentiation of human MDSCs in vitro. Flow cytometric analysis showed that ribavirin treatment (5-20 µg/ml) significantly enhanced the differentiation of monocytic MDSCs in a dose-dependent manner.

Liver X receptor regulates mouse GM-CSF-derived dendritic cell differentiation in vitro.

Liver X receptors (LXRs) are nuclear receptors that play an essential role in lipid and cholesterol metabolism. Emerging studies indicate a potential function for LXRs in regulating dendritic cell (DC)-dependent immune responses; however, the role of LXRs in DC differentiation is largely unknown. Here, we report that LXRα regulates the differentiation of mouse GM-CSF-derived DCs.

Polyunsaturated fatty acids promote the expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells by activating the JAK/STAT3 pathway.

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) exert immunosuppressive effects that could prove beneficial in clinical therapies for certain autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. However, the mechanism of PUFA-mediated immunosuppression is far from understood. Here, we provide evidence that PUFAs enhance the accumulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), a negative immune regulator.

[Observation of the efficacy of endoscopic myringoplasty with homoplastic amniotic membrane].

Objective: To explore the clinical effectiveness of endoscopic myringoplasty with homoplastic amniotic membrane.

Method: A retrospective study in 43 patients underwent endoscopic myringoplasty with homoplastic amniotic membrane was observed at the wound healing of tympanic membrane perforation and the hearing improve-threshold audiometry in 43 patients after surgery.

Result: The tympanic membrane's perforation healing rate was 95.