Single essential oils and their binary mixtures protect against ethanol-induced defects in a zebrafish fetal alcohol spectrum disorder model at the same level as folic acid.

This study evaluated protective effects of clove (SEO), thyme white (TEO), oregano (OEO), and caraway (CEO) essential oils (EOs), and their binary mixtures, in a zebrafish fetal alcohol spectrum disorder model. Furthermore, folic acid (FA) was used for comparison as it had previously shown protection against ethanol (EtOH)-induced defects. The co-exposure of zebrafish embryos to EtOH (150 mM) and FA (75 μM) or EOs and their binary mixtures (0.

Neuromuscular Fatigue During Brazilian Jiujitsu Matches: Analysis of Upper and Lower Limbs.

Purpose: To determine the effects of repeated Brazilian jiujitsu (BJJ) matches on neuromuscular fatigue in forearm-flexor and knee-extensor muscles.

Methods: Twelve BJJ athletes (8 men and 4 women) performed a simulated BJJ tournament composed of four 8-minute matches interspersed by 16-minute intervals. Neuromuscular fatigue was assessed via prematch to postmatch(es) reductions in maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC), voluntary activation, and potentiated twitch force (Ptwpot) in the forearm-flexor and knee-extensor muscles.

Neural and Muscular Determinants of Performance Fatigability Are Independent of Work and Recovery Durations During High-Intensity Interval Exercise in Males.

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of two protocols of high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) on performance fatigability and its neural and muscular determinants. On different days, 14 healthy males performed two HIIE protocols with different work and recovery durations (matched for total duration, work and recovery intensities, and density): 1) 4 × 4 min at 90% HR,180-s recovery at 70% HR; and 2) 16 × 1 min at 90% HR, 45-s recovery at 70% HR. Pre- to post-HIIE reduction in maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) was used as marker of performance fatigability, while voluntary activation (VA) and potentiated quadriceps twitch force (Q) as markers of the neural (i.

Cardiac autonomic regulation during submaximal exercise in women with fibromyalgia.

Fibromyalgia (FM) patients present impaired cardiac autonomic regulation during maximal exercise; however, it is unknown whether these alterations also manifest during submaximal exercise. The aim of this study was to compare the on-transient heart rate (HR) response and HR variability during a constant-load submaximal cycling exercise between FM and control (CON) women. Ten women with FM (age: 45.

Time-Motion and Technical-Tactical Aspects of Glory World Series Matches in the Male Middle-Heavy-Weight Category.

Purpose: To characterize the time structure of K1 kickboxing matches of Glory World Series (Glory) and to determine potential differences between winners and losers.

Methods: Seventeen matches of Glory 2019 (17 first rounds, 13 second rounds, and 8 third rounds) were video-analyzed to quantify (1) the time expended in high- and low-intensity activity and pauses, (2) the number and pattern of attacks, and (3) the number of effective attacks. Fighters were professional male athletes (age 27.

Cadence matters: Influence of cadence on spinal load during running.

Background: Running exposes the body to physiological and mechanical stresses that generate musculoskeletal injuries, such as low back pain due to large spinal loading. Increasing running cadence may reduce impact forces and spinal shrinkage.

Research Question: This study aimed to determine the relationship between spinal loading and running cadence.

Effects of Acute Ingestion of Guarana () on Soccer Player Performance: A Randomized, Cross-over, Placebo-Controlled Study.

Objective: To investigate the acute effects of ingesting a beverage containing guarana () seed powder on performance during field tests related to physical capacities that are determinants of soccer performance, such as lower limb power, sprint, agility, and the capacity to carry out intermittent exercise.

Methods: The study was conducted using a randomized, crossover, and counterbalanced design, with a beverage containing guarana or placebo administered in a double-blind manner. Twenty-seven under-17 soccer players of a professional soccer club performed a battery of tests 60 min after the ingestion of guarana (3 g of the fruit seed powder) or placebo.

Synthetic Colors in Food: A Warning for Children's Health.

This study addressed the harmful effects of artificial colors in pediatric populations, including children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), as well as those without behavioral disorders. There is a consensus that synthetic food colorings have several impacts on consumers, especially pediatrics, due to their influence on sensory appeal, which can encourage preference for certain foods. The results revealed that these color additives are directly linked to a series of health problems, with a greater impact on children, including a predisposition to pathological conditions such as carcinogenic, allergenic, mutagenic, cytotoxic, and clastogenic activities, as well as gastrointestinal and respiratory problems, in addition to behavioral changes in children with and without diagnosed disorders.

The blood serum metabolome profile after different phases of a 4-km cycling time trial: Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial.

It has been assumed that exercise intensity variation throughout a cycling time trial (TT) occurs in alignment of various metabolic changes to prevent premature task failure. However, this assumption is based on target metabolite responses, which limits our understanding of the complex interconnection of metabolic responses during exercise. The current study characterized the metabolomic profile, an untargeted metabolic analysis, after specific phases of a cycling 4-km TT.

Assessment of toxicity of pyriproxyfen, Bacillus thuringiensis, and malathion and their mixtures used for mosquito control on embryo-larval development and behavior of zebrafish.

Pyriproxyfen (PPF), Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (BTI), and malathion (MLT) are widely used worldwide to control the population of mosquitos that transmit arboviruses. The current work aimed to evaluate the toxicity of these single pesticides and their binary mixtures of PPF + BTI, PPF + MLT, and MLT + BTI on the embryo-larval stage of zebrafish (Danio rerio) as an animal model. Epiboly, mortality, apical endpoints, affected animals, heart rate, morphometric, thigmotaxis, touch sensitivity, and optomotor response tests were evaluated.

Caffeine Attenuates Exacerbated Central Fatigue during Moderate-Intensity Cycling Exercise in Women with Fibromyalgia.

Purpose: To compare the development of fatigability during a moderate-intensity cycling exercise between women with fibromyalgia (FM) and control women (CON) after acute ingestion of caffeine and placebo.

Methods: Ten FM and 10 CON women performed a 30-min moderate-intensity cycling exercise 1 h after the ingestion of a capsule containing either caffeine or a placebo. Fatigability and its central and peripheral determinants were determined via changes from pre- to post-15 and post-30 min of exercise in maximal voluntary isometric contractions, voluntary activation (VA), and quadriceps potentiated twitch torque ( Qtw-pot ), respectively.

Could nanotechnology improve exercise performance? Evidence from animal studies.

This review provides the current state of knowledge regarding the use of nutritional nanocompounds on exercise performance. The reviewed studies used the following nanocompounds: resveratrol-loaded lipid nanoparticles, folic acid into layered hydroxide nanoparticle, redox-active nanoparticles with nitroxide radicals, and iron into liposomes. Most of these nutritional nanocompounds seem to improve performance in endurance exercise compared to the active compound in the non-nanoencapsulated form and/or placebo.

The Skeletal Muscle, the Heart, and the Liver Are the Major Organs of the Accumulation of Nitric Oxide Metabolites after Oral Nitrite Treatment.

Nitrite is a nitric oxide (NO) metabolite, which may be bioactivated to generate NO in vivo and supplement endogenous NO formation, especially in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. However, it is not known whether treatment with oral nitrite results in the accumulation of NO metabolites in different organs. Moreover, treatment with omeprazole, an inhibitor of gastric acid secretion, severely affects the gastric formation of S-nitrosothiols induced with oral nitrite treatment.

Caffeine, but Not Creatine, Improves Anaerobic Power Without Altering Anaerobic Capacity in Healthy Men During a Wingate Anaerobic Test.

There is a lack of evidence on the additional benefits of combining caffeine (CAF) and creatine (CRE) supplementation on anaerobic power and capacity. Thus, the aim of the present study was to test the effects of combined and isolated supplementation of CAF and CRE on anaerobic power and capacity. Twenty-four healthy men performed a baseline Wingate anaerobic test and were then allocated into a CRE (n = 12) or placebo (PLA; n = 12) group.

Wearable near-infrared spectroscopy: reliability and sensitivity among different endurance cycling exercise intensities.

The present study investigated the reliability and sensitivity of a wearable near-infrared spectroscopy (wNIRS) device in moderate and heavy exercise intensity domains. On three separate days, eleven males performed an incremental test to exhaustion, and in the following visits, four submaximal constant-load bouts (i.e.

Effects of exhaustive whole-body exercise and caffeine ingestion on muscle contractile properties in healthy men.

Background: The influence of exhaustive whole-body exercise and caffeine ingestion on electromechanical delay (EMD) has been underexplored. This study investigated the effect of exhaustive cycling exercise on EMD and other parameters of muscle contractile properties and the potential ability of caffeine to attenuate the exercise-induced impairments in EMD and muscle contractile properties.

Methods: Ten healthy men cycled until exhaustion (88±2% of V̇O2max) on two separate days after ingesting caffeine (5 mg.

Simultaneous Upper- and Lower-Limb Postactivation Performance Enhancement After Clean and Jerk.

Studies on postactivation performance enhancement (PAPE) have used different exercises as a conditioning activity to investigate potentiation, but exclusively in upper limbs (UL) or lower (LL) limbs, or contralateral potentiation. A single exercise capable of inducing PAPE in both UL and LL is currently unknown. The present study explored the effect of the clean and jerk (C&J) as a conditioning activity for simultaneously producing PAPE interlimbs at the fourth, seventh, and 12th minutes postintervention.

Anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory effects of the application of baclofen cream, a GABA receptor agonist, on skin inflammation in mice.

Previous studies have demonstrated the role of γ-aminobutyric acid type B (GABA) receptors in skin-related conditions and pain. However, most studies have focused on the main effects of GABA on the central nervous system. Therefore, this study has aimed to determine the potential topical anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative effects of baclofen cream in an inflammatory skin disease model.

Energetic responses of head-out water immersion at different temperatures during post-exercise recovery and its consequence on anaerobic mechanical power.

Purpose: While exercise recovery may be beneficial from a physiological point of view, it may be detrimental to subsequent anaerobic performance. To investigate the energetic responses of water immersion at different temperatures during post-exercise recovery and its consequences on subsequent anaerobic performance, a randomized and controlled crossover experimental design was performed with 21 trained cyclists.

Method: Participants were assigned to receive three passive recovery strategies during 10 min after a Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT): control (CON: non-immersed condition), cold water immersion (CWI: 20 ℃), and hot water immersion (HWI: 40 ℃).

Effects of oral HPΒCD-angiotensin-(1-7) supplementation on recreational mountain bike athletes: a crossover study.

Background: Supplementation with Angiotensin-(1-7) [(Ang-1-7)] has received considerable attention due to its possible ergogenic effects on physical performance. The effects of a single dose of Ang-(1-7) on the performance of mountain bike (MTB) athletes during progressive load tests performed until the onset of voluntary fatigue have previously been demonstrated. This study tested the effects of Ang-(1-7) in two different exercise protocols with different metabolic demands: aerobic (time trial) and anaerobic (repeated sprint).

Effect of different pacing strategies on 4-km cycling time trial performance.

In cycling, there is a body of evidence that supports that an all-out start strategy is superior to an even-pacing strategy, but it is unknown whether an all-out start strategy is superior to a self-paced strategy. In the present study, we investigated the effects of three different pacing strategies on 4-km cycling time trial performance. After preliminary trials (familiarization trials and a baseline 4-km cycling time trial), in a randomized and counterbalanced order, twelve male cyclists (32.

The effect of caffeine on exercise performance is not influenced by ADORA2A genotypes, alone or pooled with CYP1A2 genotypes, in adolescent athletes.

Purpose: This study investigated the influence of the different genotypes of ADORA2A (1976 C > T, rs 5751876), alone or pooled with CYP1A2 (163 C > A rs 762551) genotypes, on the ergogenic effects of caffeine (CAF) on various aspects of physical performance in male adolescent athletes.

Methods: Ninety male adolescent athletes (age = 15.5 ± 2 years) were classified according to their genotypes for 1976 C > T ADORA2A (TT homozygous or C allele carriers) and 163 C > A CYP1A2 (AA homozygous or C allele carriers).

Association between age and muscle function, architecture, and composition in long-distance master runners: a cross-sectional study.

The aim of this study was to describe the muscle function, architecture, and composition of long-distance master runners, and verify the association between age and these variables. Additionally, different clusters of runners were compared based on age and training variables. Forty male runners (≥50 years) reported their training routine and had their muscle function evaluated through maximum knee extensor isometric peak torque (PT) assessed with an isokinetic dynamometer.

Caffeine Increases Endurance Performance via Changes in Neural and Muscular Determinants of Performance Fatigability.

Purpose: In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that caffeine would increase endurance performance via attenuation of neural and muscular determinants of performance fatigability during high-intensity, whole-body exercise.

Methods: Ten healthy males cycled until exhaustion (89% ± 2% of V̇O2max) after the ingestion of caffeine or placebo. During another four visits, the same exercise was performed after either caffeine or placebo ingestion but with exercise discontinued after completing either 50% or 75% of the duration of placebo trial.