[Antimicrobial activity "in vitro" of calcium hydroxide and tergentol on different concentrations in oral bactéria].

Purposes: This research desenvolved in Rio Grande do Norte Federal University, Department of Dentistry purpose evaluation "in vitro" Ca(OH) and tergentol solutions action in oral cavity that first reside in and cariogenic microorganisms for dental biofilm chemical control increasing.

Methods: "In vitro" tests with antibiogram discs and biofilm formers bacteria antibiothic action from Ca(OH) and tergentol solutions and the 0.12% clorhexydine digluconate as "gold-standard".

Hepatitis B virus infection in isolated Afro-Brazilian communities.

The prevalence and genotypes of hepatitis B virus (HBV) have distinct geographical distribution. In Brazil, some African-descendants have been maintained as small isolated communities since the slavery period. In this study, HBV infection among these communities of African origin was examined.

Permanent, 3-stage, 4-vessel occlusion as a model of chronic and progressive brain hypoperfusion in rats: a neurohistological and behavioral analysis.

Permanent, 3-stage, 4-vessel occlusion (4-VO) was evaluated as a practicable model of progressive, cerebral hypoperfusion in rats, resulting in quantifiable, reproducible, neuronal damage within a time interval shorter than that described in the 2-VO model. The effect of permanent and graded 4-VO on cognition was also evaluated using the newly developed, aversive radial maze. The vertebral arteries (VA) plus the common carotid arteries (CCA) or internal carotid arteries (ICA) were progressively and permanently occluded, following different experimental sequences (CCA--> VA; VA-->CCA-->CCA or VA-->ICA-->ICA) with inter-stage intervals ranging from 1 to 4 weeks.

[Cost-benefit analysis of ocular examination of patients with rosacea].

Purpose: To observe the main ocular manifestations of patients with rosacea and to evaluate the cost-benefit of supplementary diagnostic examinations.

Methods: Twenty patients with acne rosacea from the Dermatology Service of the São Paulo Federal University (UNIFESP) were interviewed through a questionnaire, submitted to ophthalmologic examination and tested with Schirmer I, fluorescein and rose Bengal staining, impression cytology and conjunctival scrub. The costs of these examinations were abstracted from the Public Health System's values (SUS), Brazilian Medical Association values (AMB) and values charged by a private service.

The heminested RT-PCR for the study of rabies virus pathogenesis.

The aim of the present trial was to evaluate the heminested RT-PCR for the study of rabies virus distribution in mice inoculated experimentally. Inoculation was by the intramuscular route in 150 mice, using the dog street rabies virus. Groups of five animals were killed at different times.

Immunotherapy with plasmid DNA encoding mycobacterial hsp65 in association with chemotherapy is a more rapid and efficient form of treatment for tuberculosis in mice.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a threat for public health, killing around 3 million people a year. Despite the fact that most cases can be cured with antibiotics, the treatment is long and patients relapse if chemotherapy is not continued for at least 6 months. Thus, a better characterization of the working principles of the immune system in TB and identification of new immunotherapeutic products for the development of shorter regimens of treatment are essential to achieve an effective management of this disease.

Use of laser fluorescence (DIAGNOdentTM) for in vivo diagnosis of occlusal caries: a systematic review.

This systematic review was conducted to assess the accuracy of laser fluorescence (DIAGNOdentTM) for diagnosis of occlusal caries in permanent teeth, using any sort of gold standard. The MEDLINE, LILACS, BBO and Cochrane library databases accessed by BIREME were searched for English, Spanish and Portuguese-language papers published between 1982 and 2003. Four works in English were selected.

Vaccine adjuvant: it makes the difference.

The use of protein or DNA in vaccination process rather than living or attenuated microorganism, aims at the increase of the vaccines safety. However, in these cases, the use of adjuvant is frequently required to improve their immunogenicity. In this study, we show the importance of the adjuvant in a vaccine formulation.

Adductor pollicis muscle: a new anthropometric parameter.

Purpose: To measure the thickness of adductor pollicis muscle in healthy adults. This measurement will be used as a nutritional anthropometric parameter in further studies.

Subjects And Method: Four hundred and twenty-one healthy adults were studied, 209 men and 212 women, with ages ranging from 18 to 87 years, living in Rio de Janeiro.

Validation of a simple and inexpensive method for the quantitation of infarct in the rat brain.

A gravimetric method was evaluated as a simple, sensitive, reproducible, low-cost alternative to quantify the extent of brain infarct after occlusion of the medial cerebral artery in rats. In ether-anesthetized rats, the left medial cerebral artery was occluded for 1, 1.5 or 2 h by inserting a 4-0 nylon monofilament suture into the internal carotid artery.

Effect of tacrolimus (FK506) on ischemia-induced brain damage and memory dysfunction in rats.

The behavioral and neurohistological protective effects of tacrolimus (FK506) were examined in rats subjected to 15-min global forebrain ischemia. Learning and memory performance were evaluated in an aversive, non-food-motivated, eight-arm radial maze. In one experiment, naive rats were rendered ischemic, and 15 days later they were tested for acquisition of a spatial task (postoperative training).

A novel version of the 8-arm radial maze: effects of cerebral ischemia on learning and memory.

A novel version of the 8-arm radial maze task was developed to quantify spatial learning and memory in rats subjected to transient cerebral ischemia (TCI) using the 4-VO model. This maze uses the rat's natural behavior of avoiding open, illuminated areas, and preference for a darkened, enclosed shelter. Ischemic rats were required to escape from the central area into the darkened goal box.

Efficacy of DNA-hsp65 vaccination for tuberculosis varies with method of DNA introduction in vivo.

A DNA vaccine codifying the mycobacterial hsp65 can prevent infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a prophylactic setting and also therapeutically reduce the number of bacteria in infected mice. The protective mechanism is thought to be related to Th1-mediated events that result in bacterial killing. To determine the best method of hsp65 introduction for vaccination efficacy against tuberculosis (TB), we evaluated the immunogenicity and protection of DNA-hsp65 administered by gene gun bombardment or intramuscular (i.

Class II subdivision treatment success rate with symmetric and asymmetric extraction protocols.

The purpose of this study was to compare the success rates of Class II subdivision malocclusion patients treated with either symmetric or asymmetric extractions. The sample consisted of 51 patients with Class II subdivision malocclusion. The patients were divided into 2 groups.

Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B virus infection among an Afro-descendant community in Brazil.

Furnas dos Dionísios is an Afro-Brazilian black community whose descendants were mainly fugitive slaves that established themselves in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), Brazil. The population is comprised mainly of low socioeconomic individuals who are engaged in agricultural activities. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of hepatitis B (HB) and its correlation with epidemiological data obtained from the community.

Tacrolimus (FK506) reduces ischemia-induced hippocampal damage in rats: a 7- and 30-day study.

The neuroprotective effect of the immunosuppressant agent FK506 was evaluated in rats after brain ischemia induced for 15 min in the 4-vessel occlusion model. In the first experimental series, single doses of 1.0, 3.

Single dose of a vaccine based on DNA encoding mycobacterial hsp65 protein plus TDM-loaded PLGA microspheres protects mice against a virulent strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

The high incidence of tuberculosis around the world and the inability of BCG to protect certain populations clearly indicate that an improved vaccine against tuberculosis is needed. A single antigen, the mycobacterial heat shock protein hsp65, is sufficient to protect BALB/c mice against challenge infection when administered as DNA vaccine in a three-dose-based schedule. In order to simplify the vaccination schedule, we coencapsulated hsp65-DNA and trehalose dimicolate (TDM) into biodegradable poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microspheres.

Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus xylosus in a secondary root canal infection with persistent symptoms: a case report.

The aim of this case report is to highlight the importance of maintaining the aseptic chain during endodontic treatment. This paper describes a clinical situation in which persistent symptoms had developed after the first appointment to treat a vital pulp case. Microbiological analysis of the case indicated that symptoms were probably due to a secondary root canal infection by two species of coagulase-negative staphylococci--Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus xylosus.

Efficacy of instrumentation techniques and irrigation regimens in reducing the bacterial population within root canals.

The purpose of this study was to compare the in vitro intracanal bacterial reduction produced by using two instrumentation techniques and different irrigation methods. Root canals inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis were prepared by using the following techniques and irrigants: alternated rotary motions (ARM) technique, hand nickel-titanium files and 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) as irrigant; ARM technique and combined irrigation with 2.

Susceptibilities of Enterococcus faecalis biofilms to some antimicrobial medications.

Enterococcus faecalis has been suggested to be an important etiological agent in endodontic failures. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of chlorhexidine- or antibiotics-based medications in eliminating E. faecalis biofilms.

Role of trehalose dimycolate in recruitment of cells and modulation of production of cytokines and NO in tuberculosis.

Mice treated with viable Mycobacterium tuberculosis with no glycolipid trehalose dimycolate (TDM) on the outer cell wall (delipidated M. tuberculosis) by intraperitoneal or intratracheal inoculation presented an intense recruitment of polymorphonuclear cells into the peritoneal cavity and an acute inflammatory reaction in the lungs, respectively. In addition, lung lesions were resolved around the 32nd day after intratracheal inoculation.

Comparison of different delivery systems of vaccination for the induction of protection against tuberculosis in mice.

The way to deliver antigens and cellular requirements for long-lasting protection against tuberculosis are not known. Immunizations with mycobacterial 65 kDa heat shock protein (hsp65) expressed from J774-hsp65 cells (antigen-presenting cells that endogenously produce hsp65 antigen) or from plasmid DNA, or with the protein entrapped in cationic liposomes, can each give protective immunity similar to that obtained from live Bacillus Calmette Guérin (BCG), whereas injecting the protein in Freund's incomplete adjuvant (FIA) has minimal effect. Protective procedures elicited high frequencies of antigen-reactive alphabeta T cells with CD4+/CD8- and CD8+/CD4- phenotypes.

Effects of three different infant dentifrices on biofilms and oral microorganisms.

The purpose of this work was to evaluate the effects of infant dentifrices: A--with lactoperoxidase, glucose oxidase and lactoferrin; B--with 1100 ppm of NaF and sodium lauryl sulfate; C--with extract of calendula. The dentifrices were test on biofilms formed in vitro from saliva and dental plaque of infants, using reference strains A. viscosus (ATCC 43146); C.

Cytotoxic T cells and mycobacteria.

How the immune system kills Mycobacterium tuberculosis is still a puzzle. The classical picture of killing due to phagocytosis by activated macrophages may be only partly correct. Based on recent evidence, we express here the view that cytotoxic T lymphocytes also make an important contribution and suggest that DNA vaccines might be a good way to enhance this.

Chemomechanical reduction of the bacterial population in the root canal after instrumentation and irrigation with 1%, 2.5%, and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite.

Given the importance of bacteria in the development of periradicular lesions, the eradication of the root canal infection is paramount in endodontic treatment. This study evaluated the in vitro intracanal bacterial reduction produced by instrumentation and irrigation with 1%, 2.5%, and 5.