Exosome-Transmitted miR-224-5p Promotes Colorectal Cancer Cell Proliferation Targeting ULK2 in p53-Dependent Manner.

Objective: To investigate the role and molecular mechanism of exosomal miR-224-5p in colorectal cancer (CRC).

Methods: The miR-224-5p expression in CRC patient tissues and cell-derived exosomes was measured by laser capture microdissection and qRT-PCR, respectively. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was used to determine the target gene of miR-224-5p.

The Effect of Vaginal Oestriol Cream on Subjective and Objective Symptoms of Stress Urinary Incontinence and Vaginal Atrophy: An International Multi-Centre Pilot Study.

Aim: Subjectively and objectively assess stress urinary incontinence (SUI) symptoms before and after topical oestrogen therapy.

Methods: A prospective study was performed in 3 centres in South-Africa, Australia and the Netherlands. Postmenopausal women with SUI were treated with topical oestriol cream for 6 weeks.

Pregnancy outcomes before and after institution of a specialised twins clinic: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Although specialised clinics for multiple pregnancies are recommended by several Obstetrics and Gynaecology governing bodies, studies examining outcome before and after introduction of such clinics remain few, were performed predominantly in North America in the 1990s, and either amongst dichorionic twin pregnancies only or where chorionicity was not specified. Our objective, in the modern setting with twins of known chorionicity, was to compare maternal and neonatal outcomes of twin pregnancies before and after commencement of a consultant-led, multidisciplinary twins clinic (TC).

Methods: Retrospective cohort study of 513 women, with birth of twins at ≥20 weeks' gestation, January 2007 to November 2011, at a metropolitan tertiary maternity hospital, Sydney, Australia.

Recent studies of genetic dysfunction in pelvic organ prolapse: the role of collagen defects.

Gynaecologists are becoming increasingly aware that women with a family history of prolapse are at an increased risk of prolapse refractory to treatment. In the past five years, several genetic mutations have been shown to correlate with increased prolapse susceptibility. These mutations can result in disordered collagen metabolism, which weaken the fascial support of the pelvic organs.