Toward building deliberative digital media: from subversion to consensus.

Evidence-based and human-centric design of digital media platforms could reduce many of the problems of misinformation, polarization, and misaligned incentives that plague both society and individual organizations. With these sorts of design changes, it may become possible to build deliberative digital media that are useful both for discussions of contentious issues and for achieving successful collective action. In this Perspective paper, we discuss several issues in which current-day social science indicates the origin of these problems and suggests methods for improvement.

Using call detail records to determine mobility patterns of different socio-demographic groups in the western area of Sierra Leone during early COVID-19 crisis.

Human mobility patterns created from mobile phone call detail records (CDRs) can provide an essential resource in data-poor environments to monitor the effects of health outbreaks. Analysis of this data can be instrumental for understanding the movement pattern of populations allowing governments to set and refine policies to respond to community health risks. Building on CDR mobility analysis techniques, this research set out to test whether combining CDR mobility indicators with socio-economic information can illustrate differences between different socio-economic groups' exposure risks to COVID-19.

The experiences and perceptions of immigrant informal caregivers about engaging with professional services in the host country: A scoping review.

Aim: The inquiry explored immigrant informal caregivers' experiences and perceptions about engaging with professional services in the host country.

Background: The number of informal caregivers is rising, with more people providing home caring. Nurses and other health services are crucial in supporting informal caregivers.

Managing United States-China university relations and risks.

US universities must proactively address potential concerns.

Community policing does not build citizen trust in police or reduce crime in the Global South.

Is it possible to reduce crime without exacerbating adversarial relationships between police and citizens? Community policing is a celebrated reform with that aim, which is now adopted on six continents. However, the evidence base is limited, studying reform components in isolation in a limited set of countries, and remaining largely silent on citizen-police trust. We designed six field experiments with Global South police agencies to study locally designed models of community policing using coordinated measures of crime and the attitudes and behaviors of citizens and police.

Health coaching provided by registered nurses described: a systematic review and narrative synthesis.

Aims: The aim of this systematic review and narrative synthesis was to identify how and why health coaching is delivered by Registered Nurses.

Design: Systematic review and narrative synthesis.

Data Sources: Articles were identified through a search of CINAHL, Medline, Scopus, and PsychINFO databases.

A qualitative exploration of a mindful resiliency program for community healthcare providers.

Despite the important contribution of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) to the community healthcare sector, the building and maintenance of occupational resilience in community health workers has received little attention. However, it is recognized that employees in this sector are exposed to significant stressors from the high demand work environment which negatively impacts on their well-being. Therefore, this research examined the acceptability, feasibility, and sustainability of a mindful resiliency program by employing a qualitative analysis of participant subjective experience of the program in this cohort.

Facilitating an early career transition pathway to community nursing: A Delphi Policy Study.

Aim: To further develop and validate a new model of the early career transition pathway in the speciality of community nursing.

Design: Delphi policy approach, guided by a previous systematic review and semi-structured interviews.

Methods: Four rounds of an expert panel ( = 19).

Preemptive Oral Compared With Intravenous Acetaminophen for Postoperative Pain After Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Hysterectomy: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: To compare pain after robotic-assisted laparoscopic hysterectomy when giving preoperative oral compared with intravenous acetaminophen.

Methods: This double-blind randomized trial included women undergoing robotic-assisted laparoscopic hysterectomy for benign indications. Participants received either acetaminophen 1 g orally then normal saline 100 mL intravenously before surgery, or a placebo orally then acetaminophen 1 g intravenously.

The factors influencing the effective early career and rapid transition to a nursing specialty in differing contexts of practice: a modified Delphi consensus study.

Objectives: This study aimed to test and further develop the 'Early Career and Rapid Transition to a Nursing Specialty' (TRANSPEC) model to a nursing specialty developed from a systematic review. Semi-structured interviews of specialist clinically based nurses and a consensus Delphi study with an expert panel were used to expand and achieve consensus, agreement, reliability and stability of the model.

Design: A modified Delphi, two rounds (64 and 52 Likert items) of reiterative online questionnaires and one round as a nominal group technique, was informed by qualitative thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews.

Current practice for genetic counselling by nurses: An integrative review.

Aim: To examine current practice of genetic counselling by nurses.

Background: Recent debate argues that genetic counselling is a specialist advanced practice role, whilst others argue it is the role of all nurses. Current evidence is required to determine if genetic counselling could be included in all nurses' scope of practice.

Single mothering as experienced by Burundian refugees in Australia: a qualitative inquiry.

Background: Refugee mothers have fled from their homeland to escape persecutions with their children only to find other threats to their well-being in the new country. Building on previous research, it is known that being a new immigrant is challenging and requires adaptation. The adaptation process, known as acculturation, may not be successful leading to psychological distress.

An integrative review of absenteeism in newly graduated nurses.

Managing sickness and absenteeism in the workplace is challenging, and nurse managers must consider their various causes so they can implement effective management strategies. It is also vital to consider the factors that influence absenteeism and turnover among newly graduated registered nurses (RNs), whose retention can help to address staff shortages. This article describes a literature review that aimed to identify the potential causes of sickness absence in newly graduated RNs.

An integrative review of graduate transition programmes: Developmental considerations for nursing management.

Unlabelled: Graduate transition programmes have been developed to recruit new nursing staff and facilitate an effective transition from nursing student to Registered Nurse within the clinical environment. Therefore the aim of this paper was to explore the various elements included in nursing graduate transition programmes. An integrative review was undertaken incorporating a strict inclusion criterion, critical appraisal, and thematic analysis of 30 studies.

Patterns of demand for non-Ebola health services during and after the Ebola outbreak: panel survey evidence from Monrovia, Liberia.

Introduction: The recent Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak was unprecedented in magnitude, duration and geographic scope. Hitherto there have been no population-based estimates of its impact on non-EVD health outcomes and health-seeking behaviour.

Methods: We use data from a population-based panel survey conducted in the late-crisis period and two postcrisis periods to track trends in (1) the prevalence of adult and child illness, (2) subsequent usage of health services and (3) the determinants thereof.

Public health and public trust: Survey evidence from the Ebola Virus Disease epidemic in Liberia.

Trust in government has long been viewed as an important determinant of citizens' compliance with public health policies, especially in times of crisis. Yet evidence on this relationship remains scarce, particularly in the developing world. We use results from a representative survey conducted during the 2014-15 Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) epidemic in Monrovia, Liberia to assess the relationship between trust in government and compliance with EVD control interventions.

Engineered Bispecific Antibodies with Exquisite HIV-1-Neutralizing Activity.

While the search for an efficacious HIV-1 vaccine remains elusive, emergence of a new generation of virus-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has re-ignited the field of passive immunization for HIV-1 prevention. However, the plasticity of HIV-1 demands additional improvements to these mAbs to better ensure their clinical utility. Here, we report engineered bispecific antibodies that are the most potent and broad HIV-neutralizing antibodies to date.

Emergence of CD4 independence envelopes and astrocyte infection in R5 simian-human immunodeficiency virus model of encephalitis.

Unlabelled: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in the central nervous system (CNS) is characterized by replication in macrophages or brain microglia that express low levels of the CD4 receptor and is the cause of HIV-associated dementia and related cognitive and motor disorders that affect 20 to 30% of treatment-naive patients with AIDS. Independent viral envelope evolution in the brain has been reported, with the need for robust replication in resident CD4(low) cells, as well as CD4-negative cells, such as astrocytes, proposed as a major selective pressure. We previously reported giant-cell encephalitis in subtype B and C R5 simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV)-infected macaques (SHIV-induced encephalitis [SHIVE]) that experienced very high chronic viral loads and progressed rapidly to AIDS, with varying degrees of macrophage or microglia infection and activation of these immune cells, as well as astrocytes, in the CNS.

The number and genetic relatedness of transmitted/founder virus impact clinical outcome in vaginal R5 SHIVSF162P3N infection.

Background: Severe genetic bottleneck occurs during HIV-1 sexual transmission whereby most infections are initiated by a single transmitted/founder (T/F) virus. Similar observations had been made in nonhuman primates exposed mucosally to SIV/SHIV. We previously reported variable clinical outcome in rhesus macaques inoculated intravaginally (ivg) with a high dose of R5 SHIVSF162P3N.

Pathogenic consequences of vaginal infection with CCR5-tropic simian-human immunodeficiency virus SHIVSF162P3N.

We previously reported efficient transmission of the pathogenic R5 simian-human immunodeficiency virus SHIV(SF162P3N) isolate in Indian rhesus macaques by intravenous and intrarectal inoculations, with a switch to CXCR4 coreceptor usage in ∼50% of infected animals that progressed rapidly to disease. Since women continue to be disproportionately affected by HIV, we developed an animal model based on the intravaginal challenge of female rhesus monkeys with SHIV(SF162P3N) and sought to validate the utility of this model to study relevant aspects of HIV transmission and pathogenesis. The effect of viral dose on infection outcome was evaluated to determine the optimal conditions for the evaluation of HIV-1 preventive and therapeutic strategies.

Delay of simian human immunodeficiency virus infection and control of viral replication in vaccinated macaques challenged in the presence of a topical microbicide.

Objective: Development of an effective vaccine or topical compound to prevent HIV transmission remains a major goal for control of the AIDS pandemic. Using a nonhuman primate model of heterosexual HIV-1 transmission, we tested whether a topical microbicide that reduces viral infectivity can potentiate the efficacy of a T-cell-based HIV vaccine.

Design: A DNA prime and rAd5 virus boost vaccination strategy was employed, and a topical microbicide against the HIV nucleocapsid protein was used.