Simultaneous screening for antibodies to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein and aquaporin-4 in patients with optic neuritis using cell-based assay.

This study was aimed to test simultaneous detection of antibodies to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)/aquaporin4 AQP4) in serum samples of patients with clinically-diagnosed optic neuritis (ON), by fixed cell-based immunofluorescence assay (CBIFA). The study involved 237 serum samples of patients with ON which were tested for MOG and AQP4 antibodies using fixed CBIFA kit which utilizes AQP4 or MOG protein transfected cells as a substrate. Of 237 serum samples, 22 (9%) were positive for AQP4, 66 (28%) were positive for MOG, and 138 (58%) were negative for both AQP4 and MOG antibodies.

A Rare Fungal Orbital Infection in an Immunocompetent Young Male Caused by (.

Aim: To present a case of orbital fungal infection caused by a rare fungus, Lichtheimia corymbifera (Absidia corymbifera) in an immunocompetent individual.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective case study.

Result: A 23-year-old male presented with painful proptosis of the right eye for 3 months.

Utility of Treponemal Testing from Aqueous Fluid in the Diagnosis of Ocular Syphilis in Patients with HIV/AIDS.

Purpose: Ocular syphilis is re-emerging globally especially in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Atypical manifestations of ocular syphilis and/or other associated opportunistic infections often lead to a diagnostic dilemma. We evaluated the utility of aqueous humor (AH) hemagglutination assay (TPHA) titers in the diagnosis of ocular syphilis.

First report of causing fungal keratitis from a tertiary eye hospital in India.

A young 33 year old male presented with non-resolving corneal infiltrate for 2 month duration in the right eye. KOH/ Calcoflour wet mount revealed sparsely septate fungal hyphae. Post therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty 3 doses of intracameral voriconazole(100μg/0.

Role of Topical Ethanol in the Treatment of Pythium insidiosum Keratitis-A Proof of Concept.

Purpose: To study the efficacy and safety profile of topical absolute ethanol in the treatment of Pythium insidiosum keratitis.

Method: Microbiological, clinical, and histopathological assessments were performed to study the effects of absolute ethanol on P. insidiosum keratitis.

Diagnosis in a case total ophthalmoplegia - where time is life.

Rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis is a potentially fatal fungal infection seen in poorly controlled diabetics or immunocompromised patients who can present initially to an ophthalmologist, otorhinolaryngologist or a neurologist. The clinical presentation to an ophthalmologist may be that of painful ophthalmoplegia.The confirmation and further management of the infection requires an interdisciplinary approach.

Real-time polymerase chain reaction for diagnosis and management of HIV-induced uveitis.

Intraocular (IO) inflammation in patients with Human immune deficiency virus (HIV) infection can be due to opportunistic infections, immune recovery uveitis, drugs used in the management or a primary manifestation of HIV itself. We studied the role of RT-PCR for HIV RNA in confirming the diagnosis of HIV induced uveitis and its useful in the management and follow-up of these patients.

Postoperative endophthalmitis due to : First reported case of acute and virulent presentation from a tertiary eye care center in South India.

A 60-year-old male presented with pain and decreased vision 3 weeks following uneventful intracapsular cataract extraction with anterior vitrectomy for subluxated cataract. A diagnosis of acute endophthalmitis was made based on clinical and ultrasound features. Patient improved only after undergoing pars plana vitrectomies twice and repeated intravitreal antibiotic-steroid injections.

Diagnostic Challenge with Nocardia Subretinal Abscess: A Case Report from Tuberculosis-Endemic Region.

: To describe a case of subretinal abscess, which posed a diagnostic challenge due to the presence of mycobacterial genome in sample obtained from fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB). : A retrospective chart review. : A 25-year-old male presented with sudden, painless onset diminution of vision of left eye and found to have placoid patch of choroiditis just temporal to the macula in right eye and showed vitritis, subretinal abscess with exudative retinal detachment and vitreous hemorrhage in left eye.

Application of six multiplex PCR's among 200 clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa for the detection of 20 drug resistance encoding genes.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is a menacing opportunistic, nosocomial pathogen; become a growing concern as conventional antimicrobial therapy is now futile against it. Multi-drug resistant P.

Unusual ulcerative keratitis caused by in a diabetic patient.

The purpose of the study was to report a case of ulcerative keratitis caused by an unusual algae Prototheca wickerhamii in a diabetic patient. This study design was a case report. A 46-year-old male, who was a known diabetic for 3 years, had an injury to the left cornea with the sparks of fire from wielding at work that developed into an ulcerative keratitis over a period of next 3 months as the patient was not on any medication.

Enterococcus faecalis Endophthalmitis in Children - A 21 Year Study.

Purpose: To report Enterococcus faecalis endophthalmitis (EFE) in children and its comparison with adults.

Methods: Retrospective study of 19 children up to 18 years age, undergoing vitrectomy for EFE at a referral eye center from January 1995 to December 2015. The results were compared to 18 adults with EFE.

Clinical profile of pythium keratitis: perioperative measures to reduce risk of recurrence.

Purpose: To report the clinical profile and role of perioperative adjunctive measures to reduce the risk of recurrence in keratitis.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of 10 eyes of 10 patients with keratitis. Diagnosis was confirmed by PCR DNA sequencing.

Rare Pleurostomophora richardsiae Mass Causing Transient Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction.

Transient nasolacrimal duct obstruction secondary to a mass lesion compressing the sac or sac-duct junction is rare. The authors report a case of a young female who presented to the authors with complaints of watering and a mass lesion in the lacrimal sac region. An organized perilacrimal mass filled with thick pultaceous material was noted during surgery.

Endogenous endophthalmitis due to Roseomonas mucosa presenting as a subretinal abscess.

Background: Endogenous bacterial endophthalmitis is an infrequently reported entity. Although Roseomonas mucosa has been reported to cause systemic infections in immunosuppressed individuals, ocular infection due to Roseomonas has been rarely reported in literature previously.

Findings: A 74-year-old diabetic was diagnosed to have Klebsiella urinary tract infection and septicemia following which he developed ocular pain and redness.

Polymerase chain reaction for DNA detection from ocular fluids in patients with various types of choroiditis in a referral eye center in India.

Aims: The aim of this study was to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) DNA with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in aqueous or vitreous samples of patients suffering from choroiditis presumed to be infectious origin.

Settings And Design: Hospital-based, retrospective case-control study.

Subjects And Methods: In all, forty eyes of forty patients with choroiditis divided into two groups - Group A (serpiginous-like choroiditis, ampiginous choroiditis, multifocal choroiditis) and Group B (choroidal abscess, miliary tuberculosis (TB), choroidal tubercle) were analyzed retrospectively.

Culture and Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) Proven Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Endophthalmitis: A Case Series.

Purpose: To report early confirmation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) endophthalmitis by detection of 85B mRNA in vitreous by a reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique.

Methods: Retrospective, interventional case series of 5 patients with MTB endogenous endophthalmitis. Vitreous aspirate was subjected to Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) staining, BACTEC MicroMGIT culture, RT-PCR targeting the 85B gene, real-time PCR targeting the IS6110 region, and nested PCR targeting the MPB64 gene and IS6110 region.

Candida albicans scleral abscess in a HIV-positive patient and its successful resolution with antifungal therapy-a first case report.

Background: Fungal infection of the sclera is very rare. No case of fungal scleral abscess in a HIV-positive patient has been reported. We report a case of scleral abscess caused by Candida albicans and its successful resolution following antifungal therapy in a HIV-positive patient.

Candida albicans scleral abscess in a HIV-positive patient and its successful resolution with antifungal therapy-a first case report.

Background: Fungal infection of the sclera is very rare. No case of fungal scleral abscess in a HIV-positive patient has been reported. We report a case of scleral abscess caused by Candida albicans and its successful resolution following antifungal therapy in a HIV-positive patient.

Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with nested polymerase chain reaction analysis in enucleated eye ball in Eales' disease.

Nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) was performed on enucleated eyeball for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) genome in a patient with Eales' disease. PCR analysis in all previous studies has been done mainly using aqueous, vitreous and epiretinal membranes from these patients.

Detection of Escherichia fergusonii by PCR-based DNA sequencing in a case of delayed-onset chronic endophthalmitis after cataract surgery.

Unlabelled: We report a case of chronic low-grade endophthalmitis after cataract surgery presenting with recurrent episodes of severe anterior chamber reactions and hypopyon uveitis caused by Escherichia fergusonii, which was isolated from vitreous aspirate by polymerase chain reaction-based DNA sequencing. Polymerase chain reaction has emerged as an essential, powerful, and rapid laboratory diagnostic technique and a useful adjunct to the conventional gold standard.

Financial Disclosure: No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.

Phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from pediatric population of Chennai, India.

Purpose: Multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) has been reported in almost all parts of the world. Childhood TB is accorded low priority by national TB control programs. Probable reasons include diagnostic difficulties, limited resources, misplaced faith in BCG and lack of data on treatment.