Animal Models Evaluating the Impact of Prenatal Exposure to Tobacco and Marijuana.

Within this review, the literature and outcomes from animal models of maternal marijuana use and cigarette smoking are summarized. The existing data demonstrate that prenatal marijuana and nicotine exposure both have multifaceted adverse effects on maternal, gestational, placental, and fetal outcomes. These include placental function and development, fetal growth and birth weight, and offspring neurodevelopment.

The effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol exposure on female menstrual cyclicity and reproductive health in rhesus macaques.

Objective: To determine the dose-dependent effect of contemporary marijuana exposure on female menstrual cyclicity and reproductive endocrine physiology in a nonhuman primate model.

Design: Research animal study.

Setting: Research institute environment.

Menstrual cycle length and modern living: a review.

Purpose Of Review: The aim of this review is to evaluate biological, life history, environmental, and lifestyle factors and exposures that cause variability in menstrual cycle length (MCL).

Recent Findings: Recent literature has detailed a number of factors that influence MCL, with particular emphasis placed on novel environmental exposures, such as air pollution and endocrine disrupting chemicals.

Summary: MCL varies widely in response to intrinsic and extrinsic inputs and is a useful predictor of reproductive health and fecundability.