Unicentric Portocaval Castleman Disease in an Adolescent: Challenges in Diagnosis and Management.

Castleman disease is an unusual, benign disorder of unknown etiology, characterized by the proliferation of the lymphoid tissue. It can have a unicentric or multicentric presentation, depending on the number of lymph nodes involved. On clinical examination and imaging, it can imitate a malignancy and the diagnosis can only be confirmed on histopathological examination.

3D Virtual Bronchoscopy as an Aid to Airway Management in a Patient with Anterior Mediastinal Mass.

Mediastinal masses pose one of the great challenges for any anesthesiologist during airway maintenance, underlining the need to devise a well-formulated plan to avoid perioperative complications. As a general rule, such patients are managed with spontaneous ventilation without the use of muscle relaxants and awake intubation. We report a case of a 66-year-old male with severe dyspnea, having a very large invasive anterior mediastinal mass, causing left lung collapse for urgent debulking surgery.

Seizure Outcome after Lesionectomy With or Without Concomitant Anteromedial Temporal Lobectomy for Low-Grade Gliomas of the Medial Temporal Lobe.

Background: Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy attributed to low-grade glioma is known for intractable seizures and choice of surgery range from lesionectomy (Lo) to lesionectomy with anteromesial temporal resection (L0 + AMTR) is still debatable. We intend to analyze the seizure outcome after lesionectomy alone or with AMTR.

Subjects And Methods: Retrospective analyses of patients operated for medial low-grade temporal lobe tumors with seizures were included in the study.

Seizure-outcome after surgery of low-grade epilepsy associated neuro-epithelial tumors.

Background: Most patients with glioneuronal tumors present with seizures. Although several studies have shown that greater extent of resection improves overall patient survival, few studies have focused on postoperative seizure outcome after resection of these tumors. The aim of this study was to characterize seizure control rates in patients undergoing glioneuronal tumor resection and evaluate the association between poor seizure outcome and tumor recurrence or progression.

Long-Term Epilepsy-Associated Tumors (LEATs): A Single-Center, Retrospective Series and Review of Literature on Factors Affecting the Seizure Outcome.

Background: Tumors presenting with drug-resistant seizures are termed as long-term epilepsy-associated tumors (LEATs). LEATs are more common in the temporal lobe, occur predominantly in pediatric age, and focal neurological deficits are rare. In this article, we aim to highlight our surgical experience in terms of seizure outcome among LEATs and discuss the factors affecting outcome.

An unusual case of brain abscess in an immunocompetent child and a review of the literature.

We present a case of brain abscess in an immunocompetent child due to the dematiaceous fungus , an organism commonly found in soil and stored grains. The etiologic agent was demonstrated by direct microscopy and culture. The patient responded well to surgical excision of abscess along with a course of amphotericin B and voriconazole.

Temporal lobe angiocentric glioma with oligodendroglioma-like areas: a rare association of an uncommon tumor. A case report with review of literature.

Background: Angiocentric glioma (AG) is a relatively uncommon clinico-pathological entity that presents in childhood. Angiocentric glioma displays various histopathological features which resemble cortical ependymoma, astroblastoma, and pilomyxoid astrocytoma and schwannoma. The astrocytes in angiocentric glioma appear peculiarly elongated, bipolar in shape, and characteristically arranged around blood vessels.

Elevated FGF23 in a patient with hypophosphatemic osteomalacia associated with neurofibromatosis type 1.

Context: The mechanism behind hypophosphatemia in the setting of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is not known. We describe a possible role of fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23) in the pathophysiology of hypophosphatemia in a patient with NF1.

Case Description: A 34-year woman with NF1 presented with severe hypophosphatemia, osteomalacia, and elevated plasma FGF23.

Isolated Intraventricular Chronic Mucormycosis in an Immunocompetent Infant: A Rare Case with Review of the Literature.

Background: Mucormycosis of the central nervous system is an uncommon infection caused by saprophytic or parasitic fungi of the subphylum Mucormycotina and order Mucorales viz. Rhizopus, Mucor, and Rhizomucor. Isolated, chronic involvement of the central nervous system is a rare occurrence.

Cerebellar Liponeurocytoma: The Dilemma of Multifocality.

Background: Cerebellar liponeurocytoma (cLNC) is a rare benign glioneuronal tumor with only ~60 cases reported since its first description in 1978. They have occurred largely as sporadic cases; however, familial cases with possible autosomal dominant inheritance have also been reported. Surgical excision has been considered the main modality of treatment, even for recurrent lesions.

Intracranial Peripheral Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor Arising from the Clivus with Intracranial Metastasis in an Elderly Woman: Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Background: Intracranial peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumors (pPNETs) are rare lesions, accounting for only 1% of all pPNETs, and usually arise from bone and soft tissue. These tumors primarily affect young patients (<30 years old) and rarely affect older patients. The common intracranial locations of these lesions are frontal dura and tentorium.

Extraosseous Primary Intracranial Ewing Sarcoma/peripheral Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor: Series of Seven Cases and Review of Literature.

Background: The Ewing sarcoma peripheral PNET (ES-pPNET) is very rare small round cell tumour that involves the CNS as either a primary dural neoplasm or by direct extension from contiguous bone or soft tissue.

Materials And Methods: Biopsy proven cases of intracranial ES/pPNET with orbital involvement operated during Jan 2010-Jan 2014 were retrospectively included and their clinical data, operative and histological findings were reviewed from institutional oncology register.

Results: seven patients (4 males; 3 female) were studied with mean age at presentation of 13 years.

An Infratentorial Pure Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma Arising from Middle Cerebellar Peduncle: A Rare Location of an Uncommon Tumor.

Background: Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas are rare tumors of glial origin comprising <1% of all astrocytic tumors of brain. These tumors are rare in the infratentorial compartment and were not known to arise from the middle cerebellar peduncle.

Case Description: We discuss the case of a 16-year-boy who presented with altered sensorium and features of increased intracranial pressure and was found to have a 4 × 4 × 3 cm mass arising from the middle cerebellar peduncle.

Recurrent or symptomatic residual posterior fossa hemangioblastomas: how are they different from their primary counterparts?

Background: Posterior fossa hemangioblastomas are WHO grade I benign lesions with a surprisingly high recurrence rate. This study determines the factors responsible for recurrence and the clinico-radiological and histopathological differences between primary (group A; n = 60) and recurrent/symptomatic residual (group B; n = 24) tumors.

Methods: Radiologically, tumors were differentiated into cystic, cystic with a mural nodule, solid-cystic/microcystic and solid.

Abnormal lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle tissue of patients with muscular dystrophy: In vitro, high-resolution NMR spectroscopy based observation in early phase of the disease.

Purpose: Qualitative (assignment of lipid components) and quantitative (quantification of lipid components) analysis of lipid components were performed in skeletal muscle tissue of patients with muscular dystrophy in early phase of the disease as compared to control/normal subjects.

Methods: Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy based experiment was performed on the lipid extract of skeletal muscle tissue of patients with muscular dystrophy in early phase of the disease and normal individuals for the analysis of lipid components [triglycerides, phospholipids, total cholesterol and unsaturated fatty acids (arachidonic, linolenic and linoleic acid)]. Specimens of muscle tissue were obtained from patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) [n=11; Age, Mean±SD; 9.

Multiple glioblastomas: Are they different from their solitary counterparts?

Context: Multiple glioblastomas (GBMs) have a reported incidence of 2-20%.

Aims: We intend to study these subsets of GBMs to know whether these are similar to their solitary counterparts.

Setting And Design: A retrospective study.

Mesenchymal stem cells from fetal heart attenuate myocardial injury after infarction: an in vivo serial pinhole gated SPECT-CT study in rats.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have emerged as a potential stem cell type for cardiac regeneration after myocardial infarction (MI). Recently, we isolated and characterized mesenchymal stem cells derived from rat fetal heart (fC-MSC), which exhibited potential to differentiate into cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells in vitro. In the present study, we investigated the therapeutic efficacy of intravenously injected fC-MSC in a rat model of MI using multi-pinhole gated SPECT-CT system.

Pulmonary amyloidosis in a patient with Langerhans cell histiocytosis: diagnostic dilemma on 18F-FDG PET/CT.

Amyloidosis associated with Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is extremely rare. We here present the 18F-FDG PET/CT images of a 48-year-old male patient with multifocal skeletal involvement of LCH. In addition, he had a left lung upper lobe 18F-FDG avid mass that was misinterpreted as pulmonary involvement of LCH on PET/CT.

Lhermitte-Duclos disease associated with dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor differentiation with characteristic magnetic resonance appearance of "tiger striping".

Background: The simultaneous presence of Lhermitte-Duclos disease (LDD) with focal areas of nodular dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor (DNET) differentiation in the cerebellar hemisphere is reported in a patient who showed the characteristic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) appearance of "tiger striping".

Case Report: A 25-year-old man presented with a 7-month history of holocranial headache, progressive vision diminution, and right-sided cerebellar signs. Computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a hypodense, nonenhancing right cerebellar lesion effacing the fourth ventricle.

Human sodium iodide symporter (hNIS) in fibroadenoma breast--a immunohistochemical study.

Human sodium iodide symporter (hNIS), responsible for the active transport of iodine is an integral plasma membrane glycoprotein present in the thyroid cells and extrathyroid tissues like breast and salivary glands. If its functional form is unequivocally shown in benign or malignant breast tissues, then it may serve as a basis for diagnosis and treatment using radioactive iodine. With an aim to analyze the hNIS expression in a distinct benign breast condition of fibroadenoma, biopsy proven fibroadenoma tissues, normal non-lactating breast tissue and biopsy proven infiltrating duct carcinoma tissues were examined for hNIS expression using immunohistochemistry.

Lipomatous meningioma: a study of five cases with brief review of literature.

Lipomatous meningiomas are an uncommon subtype of meningiomas. In the present report, the clinical characteristics, neuroimaing and pathological features of 5 patients (4 males, 1 female; age range, 17-45 years; mean age, 35.2 years) with lipomatous meningioma were analyzed.

Gliomatosis cerebri--an uncommon neuroepithelial tumor in children with oligodendroglial phenotype.

Gliomatosis cerebri(GC) is a highly aggressive, rare form of neuroepithelial tumor. Due to the diffuse nature of the tumor, its pathological grade is not conclusively established unless a biopsy is carried out from multiple sites. The tumor typically infiltrates the cortex in the subpial plane and also insinuates in the perineuronal space and around the Virchow-Robin spaces with relative preservation of the underlying brain parenchyma.

A clinical, electrophysiological, and pathological study of neuropathy in rheumatoid arthritis.

Neuropathy in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) may result secondary to entrapment, vasculitis, and drug toxicity. We aimed to study clinical and electrophysiological neuropathy and pathological changes in sural nerve in patients with RA. One hundred eight patients of RA, fulfilling American College of Rheumatology 1987 criteria (mean age, 45.

Unusual causes of extrahepatic biliary obstruction in children: a case series with review of literature.

This paper highlights the etiology, diagnosis, management and outcome in nine unusual cases of extrahepatic biliary obstruction in children. Extrahepatic biliary atresia and choledochal cyst constituted 127 out of 136 (93%) cases of all pediatric surgical biliary disorders managed between March 2000 and February 2007 at the reporting centre. However, nine children (aged 1.