We describe the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of 29 patients with cancer and diarrhea in whom Enteroaggregative (EAEC) was initially identified by GI BioFire panel multiplex. strains were successfully isolated from fecal cultures in 14 of 29 patients. Six of the 14 strains were identified as EAEC and 8 belonged to other diverse groups of unknown pathogenesis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Patients with cancer are particularly vulnerable to Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). Guidelines recommend a two-step diagnostic algorithm to differentiate carriers from CDI; however, there are limited data for this approach while including other confounding risk factors for diarrhea such as radiation, cytotoxic chemotherapy, and adoptive cell based therapies.
Methods: We conducted a prospective, non-interventional, single center, cohort study of cancer patients with acute diarrhea and C.
Background: Accumulating evidence suggests that the intestinal microbiome may dramatically affect the outcomes of hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients. Providing 16S ribosomal RNA based microbiome characterization in a clinically actionable time frame is currently problematic. Thus, determination of microbial metabolites as surrogates for microbiome composition could offer practical biomarkers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnteroaggregative (EAEC) is an important diarrheal pathogen and a cause of both acute and chronic diarrhea. It is a common cause of pediatric bacterial diarrhea in developing countries. Despite its discovery in 1987, the intestinal tropism of the pathogen remains unknown.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDiarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) pathotypes with differing epidemiology and clinical features, are known causes of disease with worldwide occurrence. At a major cancer center in the U.S.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome (PI-IBS) has been reported as a complication of bacterial diarrhea including travelers' diarrhea (TD). This study assessed the role of TD among US students in Mexico in triggering the onset of persistent abdominal symptoms (PAS) and IBS.
Methods: We conducted a 6-month follow-up of a cohort of 817 US students in Mexico as short-term study to assess the frequency of PAS and IBS.
Background: Up to 60% of the US visitors to Mexico develop travelers' diarrhea (TD). In Mexico, rates of diarrhea have been associated with the rainy season and increase in ambient temperature. However, the seasonality of the various diarrheagenic Escherichia coli pathotypes in travelers has not been well described.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCampylobacter jejuni is an unusual cause of travelers' diarrhea acquired in Mexico, but previous studies have relied only on stool culture for diagnosis. We conducted a cohort study to determine if antibody seroconversion to C jejuni would better reflect the occurrence of infection acquired in Mexico. Serum IgG, IgA, and IgM antibodies to Campylobacter seroconverted in only 2 of 353 participants (0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Osteoprotegerin (OPG), an immunoregulatory member of the TNF receptor superfamily, is expressed in inflamed intestinal mucosa. We investigated whether OPG is produced by intestinal epithelial cells and tested the hypothesis that single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the gene encoding OPG (TNFRSF11B) are associated with traveler's diarrhea (TD) among North American travelers to Mexico.
Methods: OPG concentration was measured in the supernatants of T84 cells infected with various diarrheagenic Escherichia coli pathotypes.
We studied 1,179 North American travelers who visited Mexico from 2005 to 2007. Travelers' diarrhea (TD) was reported by 521 (44%) participants. Among subjects with TD, 218 cases were examined for cryptosporidiosis by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enzyme-linked immunoassays (ELISA).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground And Aims: Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is the most common bacterial pathogen isolated from travelers suffering of diarrhea. Exposure to heat-labile toxin (LT) produces a high rate of seroconversion. However, the role of LT-producing ETEC (LT-ETEC) as a cause of diarrhea is controversial.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis pilot study examined the change in the seroprevalence of the enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) virulence factor dispersin in USA students during a short stay in Cuernavaca, Mexico, between June and August 2004. One hundred and ninety-five students provided paired serum samples - one on arrival to Mexico (pre-serum) and a second on departure from Mexico (post-serum) after a mean stay of 19 days. Serum samples were tested for IgG antibody to a recombinant purified dispersin protein by ELISA.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) has been reported to complicate bacterial diarrhea. Because of the frequency of international travel and the common occurrence of bacterial diarrhea, we studied the occurrence of chronic gastrointestinal complaints and post-diarrhea IBS in North U.S.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis study examined the interleukin-8 (IL-8) response of the intestinal adenocarcinoma HCT-8 cell line to infection with enteroaggregative and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli pathotypes isolated from patients with travelers' diarrhea. Individual diarrheagenic E. coli strains (enteroaggregative E.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLactoferrin is a glycoprotein present in most human mucosal secretions, including human milk. Lactoferrin is bacteriostatic in low iron media and, in some settings, bactericidal. Lactoferrin impairs ability of Shigella flexneri serotype 5 strain M90T to invade HeLa cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFShigella species cause bacillary dysentery in humans by invasion, intracellular multiplication, spread to adjacent cells, and induction of brisk inflammatory responses in the intestinal epithelium. In vitro data suggest that lactoferrin, a glycoprotein present in human mucosal secretions, has a role in protection from bacterial enteric infections. We sought to determine the activity of lactoferrin in vivo, using the concentration present in human colostrum, to investigate its effect on the development of clinical and pathological evidence of inflammation in a rabbit model of enteritis.
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