Enhanced association of whitefly-begomovirus competence with plant-mediated mutualism.

Background: Vector-borne viruses often manipulate plant defenses against insect vectors, thereby impacting vector population dynamics and in turn virus spread. However, the factors regulating the outcome of insect vector-virus-plant tripartite interactions, such as the feature of virus-vector combinations, are understudied.

Results: Using eight whitefly (Bemisia tabaci)-begomovirus combinations exhibiting different degrees of competence, namely virus transmission efficiency, we examined the association between whitefly-begomovirus competence and plant-mediated mutualism.

Infant feces-derived FWJL-4 mitigates experimental necrotizing enterocolitis acetate production.

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a life-threatening disease in premature infants, characterized by high mortality. Recent studies increasingly highlight the role of gut dysbiosis in NEC pathogenesis. Although probiotics have shown some efficacy in preventing NEC, further research is needed to determine potential strains and approaches.

Insect-Virus Interactions: A Fascinating Area of Research That Requires Ongoing Attention.

As the most abundant and diverse groups of animals, insects play many important roles in the ecosystem, such as those of herbivores, vectors, and pollinators [...

Transcriptional Modulation of Plant Defense Genes by a Bipartite Begomovirus Promotes the Performance of Its Whitefly Vector.

The majority of plant viruses rely on insect vectors for inter-plant transmission. Amid virus transmission, vector-borne viruses such as begomoviruses may significantly modulate host plants in various ways and, in turn, plant palatability to insect vectors. While many case studies on monopartite begomoviruses are available, bipartite begomoviruses are understudied.

Viral proteins resolve the virus-vector conundrum during hemipteran-mediated transmission by subverting salicylic acid signaling pathway.

Hemipteran insects transmit viruses when infesting plants, during which vectors activate salicylic acid (SA)-regulated antiviral defenses. How vector-borne plant viruses circumvent these antiviral defenses is largely unexplored. During co-infections of begomoviruses and betasatellites in plants, betasatellite-encoded βC1 proteins interfere with SA signaling and reduce the activation of antiviral resistance.

Intestinal GSTpi deficiency exacerbates the severity of experimental hyperlipidemic acute pancreatitis.

Intestinal dysfunction plays a pivotal role in the development of acute pancreatitis (AP), however, the underlying mechanisms of intestinal dysfunction on severity of hyperlipidemic acute pancreatitis (HLAP) are still unclear. Herein, we explored the role of intestinal function on the severity of HLAP. We found that HLAP patients exhibit higher lipid and inflammatory response than AP patients.

Cotton leaf curl Multan virus subverts the processing of hydroxyproline-rich systemin to suppress tobacco defenses against insect vectors.

Insect vector-virus-plant interactions have important ecological and evolutionary implications. The constant struggle of plants against viruses and insect vectors has driven the evolution of multiple defense strategies in the host as well as counter-defense strategies in the viruses and insect vectors. Cotton leaf curl Multan virus (CLCuMuV) is a major causal agent of cotton leaf curl disease in Asia and is exclusively transmitted by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci.

GPR41 deficiency aggravates type 1 diabetes in streptozotocin-treated mice by promoting dendritic cell maturation.

Disturbances in intestinal immune homeostasis predispose susceptible individuals to type 1 diabetes (T1D). G-protein-coupled receptor 41 (GPR41) is a receptor for short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) mainly produced by gut microbiota, which plays key roles in maintaining intestinal homeostasis. In this study, we investigated the role of GPR41 in the progression of T1D.

The essential role of clathrin-mediated endocytosis and early endosomes in the trafficking of begomoviruses through the primary salivary glands of their whitefly vectors.

Many plant viruses are transmitted by insect vectors in a circulative manner. For efficient transmission, the entry of the virus from vector hemolymph into the primary salivary gland (PSG) is a step of paramount importance. Yet, vector components mediating virus entry into PSG remain barely characterized.

Plant resistance against whitefly and its engineering.

Plants face constant threats from insect herbivores, which limit plant distribution and abundance in nature and crop productivity in agricultural ecosystems. In recent decades, the whitefly , a group of phloem-feeding insects, has emerged as pests of global significance. In this article, we summarize current knowledge on plant defenses against whitefly and approaches to engineer plant resistance to whitefly.

Constant ratio between the genomic components of bipartite begomoviruses during infection and transmission.

The genomic components of multipartite viruses are encapsidated in separate virus particles, and the frequencies of genomic components represent one of the key genetic features. Many begomoviruses of economic significance are bipartite, and the details of the association between their genomic components remain largely unexplored. We first analyzed the temporal dynamics of the quantities of DNA-A and DNA-B and the B/A ratio of the squash leaf curl China virus (SLCCNV) in plants and found that while the quantities of DNA-A and DNA-B varied significantly during infection, the B/A ratio remained constant.

Formononetin alleviates acute pancreatitis by reducing oxidative stress and modulating intestinal barrier.

Background: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a recurrent inflammatory disease. Studies have shown that intestinal homeostasis is essential for the treatment of AP. Formononetin is a plant-derived isoflavone with antioxidant properties that can effectively treat a variety of inflammatory diseases.

Protein arginine methyltransferase 5-mediated arginine methylation stabilizes Kruppel-like factor 4 to accelerate neointimal formation.

Aims: Accumulating evidence supports the indispensable role of protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) in the pathological progression of several human cancers. As an important enzyme-regulating protein methylation, how PRMT5 participates in vascular remodelling remains unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the role and underlying mechanism of PRMT5 in neointimal formation and to evaluate its potential as an effective therapeutic target for the condition.

A shift of vector specificity acquired by a begomovirus through natural homologous recombination.

Recombination is common in plant viruses such as geminiviruses, but the ecological and pathogenic consequences have been explored only in a few cases. Here, we found that a new begomovirus, tomato yellow leaf curl Shuangbai virus (TYLCSbV), probably originated from the recombination of Ageratum yellow vein China virus (AYVCNV) and tobacco curl shoot virus (TbCSV). Agrobacterium-mediated inoculation showed that TYLCSbV and AYVCNV have similar levels of infectivity on tomato and tobacco plants.

Temporal Dynamic of the Ratio between Monopartite Begomoviruses and Their Associated Betasatellites in Plants, and Its Modulation by the Viral Gene .

The begomovirus-betasatellite complex constantly threatens crops in Asia. However, the quantitative relationship between begomoviruses and betasatellites remains largely unknown. The quantities of tobacco curly shoot virus (TbCSV) and its betasatellite (TbCSB) and their ratio varied significantly in initial infection, and thereafter, the ratio tended to become constant.

G protein coupled receptor 41 regulates fibroblast activation in pulmonary fibrosis via Gα and downstream Smad2/3 and ERK1/2 phosphorylation.

Pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive and fatal fibrotic lung disease with mysterious pathogenesis and limited effective therapies. G protein-coupled receptors (GPRs) participate in a variety of physiologic functions, and several GPRs have critical fibrosis-promoting or -inhibiting roles in pulmonary fibrosis. Here, we explored the role of GPR41 in the pathobiology of pulmonary fibrosis.

Oral Delivery of Mouse β-Defensin 14 (mBD14)-Producing NZ9000 Attenuates Experimental Colitis in Mice.

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) play essential roles in maintaining intestinal health and have been suggested as possible therapeutic strategies against inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the instability of AMPs in the process of transmission limits their application in the treatment of IBD. In this study, we constructed the mBD14-producing NZ9000 (/mBD14) to achieve enteric delivery of mBD14 and evaluated its protective effect on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis.

Manipulation of Whitefly Behavior by Plant Viruses.

Whiteflies of the complex transmit hundreds of plant viruses belonging to the genera and , among others. Tripartite interactions of whitefly-virus-plant frequently occur during virus infection and transmission. Specifically, virus transmission-related behavior of whitefly, such as preference and feeding, may be altered by viruses and thus exert significant impacts on the outcome of virus spread and epidemics.

Biochanin A ameliorates caerulein-induced acute pancreatitis and associated intestinal injury in mice by inhibiting TLR4 signaling.

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an acute inflammatory abdominal disease frequently associated with intestinal barrier dysfunction. Biochanin A (BCA), a dietary isoflavone, has gained increasing interest with its pronounced biological activities. However, its potential beneficial effects on AP have not been demonstrated.

GPR109a Regulates Phenotypic and Functional Alterations in Macrophages and the Progression of Type 1 Diabetes.

Scope: Dietary fibers can alter gut microbiota and microbial metabolite profiles. SCFAs are produced by bacterial fermentation of fiber, mediating immune homeostasis through G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). GPR109a, a receptor for niacin and butyrate, expressed by immune cells and non-immune cells, is a key factor regulating immune responses.

A balance between vector survival and virus transmission is achieved through JAK/STAT signaling inhibition by a plant virus.

Viruses pose a great threat to animal and plant health worldwide, with many being dependent on insect vectors for transmission between hosts. While the virus-host arms race has been well established, how viruses and insect vectors adapt to each other remains poorly understood. Begomoviruses comprise the largest genus of plant-infecting DNA viruses and are exclusively transmitted by the whitefly .

Opportunities and challenges of polyphenols and polysaccharides for type 1 diabetes intervention.

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic β cell. It contributes to high mortality, frequent diabetic complications, poor quality of life in patients and also puts a significant economic burden on health care systems. Therefore, the development of new therapeutic strategies is urgently needed.