Risk Factors for Neonatal Arterial Ischemic Stroke: The Importance of the Intrapartum Period.

Objective: To investigate risk factors for neonatal arterial ischemic stroke (NAIS), and compare them with those present in term controls and infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE).

Study Design: Antepartum and intrapartum data were collected at presentation from 79 infants with NAIS and compared with 239 controls and 405 infants with HIE. The relationships between risk factors and NAIS were explored using univariable and multivariable regression.

The neurological assessment in young children treated with artesunate monotherapy or artesunate-mefloquine combination therapy for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria.

Background: Mefloquine and artesunate combination therapy is the recommended first-line treatment for uncomplicated malaria throughout much of south-east Asia. Concerns have been raised about the potential central nervous system (CNS) effects of both drug components and there are no detailed reports in very young children.

Methods: Children, aged between three months and five years, with acute uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria were randomized to either 7 days of artesunate monotherapy or the same schedule of artesunate plus mefloquine on day 7 and 8.

Origin and timing of brain lesions in term infants with neonatal encephalopathy.

Background: The role of intrapartum asphyxia in neonatal encephalopathy and seizures in term infants is not clear, and antenatal factors are being implicated in the causal pathway for these disorders. However, there is no evidence that brain damage occurs before birth. We aimed to test the hypothesis that neonatal encephalopathy, early neonatal seizures, or both result from early antenatal insults.