Naming difficulties in children with dyslexia: application of the tip-of-the-tongue paradigm.

The present study used the tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) experimental paradigm in a picture naming task to explore the source of the naming deficits of children with dyslexia. Compared with a control group of typically developing readers, the children with dyslexia showed fewer correct responses and spontaneous recalls, more don't know (DK) and TOT responses, and less accurate feeling of knowing (FOK) judgments. When they failed to retrieve a target word, the children with dyslexia did not differ from the control group in the partial semantic information they provided, but they gave less valid and more invalid partial phonological information.

Dimensions of depression and perfectionism in pregnant and nonpregnant women: their levels and interrelationships and their relationship to marital satisfaction.

The authors studied S. J. Blatt's (1974) 2 dimensions of depression (anaclitic and introjective), P.

Early Conservation as a Predictor of Arithmetic Achievement.

One hundred twenty-four boys and girls were tested on a conservation of number task in kindergarten and were administered an arithmetic achievement test one and a half years later, towards the end of the first grade. The results indicated that early conservation was predictive of later arithmetic performance. Children who conserved number in kindergarten were significantly more likely to perform at or above grade level in arithmetic a year and a half later than were those who did not.