Publications by authors named "Lillie J"

Objectives: A conservative oxygenation strategy, targeting peripheral oxygen saturations (Sp o2 ) between 88% and 92% in mechanically ventilated children in PICU, was associated with a shorter duration of organ support and greater survival compared with Sp o2 greater than 94% in our recent Oxy-PICU trial. Sp o2 monitors may overestimate arterial oxygen saturation (Sa o2 ) in patients with higher levels of skin pigmentation compared with those with less skin pigmentation. We investigated if ethnicity was associated with changes in distributions of Sp o2 and F io2 and outcome.

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Race-conscious research identifies health disparities with 1) rigorous and responsible data collection, 2) intentionality and considered analyses, and 3) interpretation of results that advance health equity. Individual registries must overcome specific challenges to promote race-conscious research, and this paper describes ways to achieve this with a focus on the international Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO) registry. This article reviews ELSO registry publications that studied race with outcomes to consider whether research outputs align with race-conscious concepts and describe the direction of associations reported.

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Background: The optimal target for systemic oxygenation in critically ill children is unknown. Liberal oxygenation is widely practiced, but has been associated with harm in paediatric patients. We aimed to evaluate whether conservative oxygenation would reduce duration of organ support or incidence of death compared to standard care.

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Objectives: Management of mechanically ventilated patients with bronchiolitis is not standardized and duration of mechanical ventilation has been shown to vary widely between centers. The aim of this study was to examine practice in a large number of U.K.

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Objective: To develop a bedside equation that can be used to estimate the ideal oral and nasal endotracheal tube (ETT) length for children younger than 1 year of age.

Study Design: Retrospective database analysis of 735 children younger than 1 year of age admitted to pediatric intensive care at Evelina London Children's Hospital from June 1, 2019, through August 31, 2021. ETT positions were determined by tube-tip superimposition over vertebral body on postintubation chest radiograph by trained medical students and pediatric radiologists with bedside assessment of ETT length at nostril or lip as recorded electronically by nursing staff.

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Introduction: Veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-A ECMO) as a bridge to cardiac transplantation is considered a high risk support strategy in the paediatric population.

Methods: We describe the case of a 12 year old boy who required V-A ECMO support for rapidly deteriorating cardiomyopathy and developed a massive pulmonary embolus (PE) peri-cannulation. Subsequent investigations were also positive for heparin induced thrombocytopenia.

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Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a form of organ support which is used for severe, potentially reversible respiratory, cardiac or cardiorespiratory failure. While it is associated with significant risk of intracerebral injury in neonates and children, outcomes can be excellent, and timely referral is associated with improved survival and reduced morbidity. This article provides a concise summary of the technical aspects of ECMO support, indications for referral, complications, outcomes and important considerations for follow-up.

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A 3-month-old boy presented with a 3-hour history of a neck lump and difficulty breathing after 5 days of fever and reduced feeding. Pneumomediastinum with subcutaneous emphysema were identified, and the child was intubated because of severe work of breathing, requiring significant levels of oxygen and ventilatory pressure. Computed tomography chest scan revealed massive pneumomediastinum and significant bilateral parenchymal disease.

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This study examines 1-year outcomes of critical care patients in the UK after COVID-19 multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children.

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Objectives: Neonates with respiratory failure are ideally supported with veno-venous rather than veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation due to the reduced rate of neurologic complications. However, the proportion of neonates supported with veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is declining. We report multisite veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, accessing the neck, returning to the inferior vena cava via the common femoral vein in neonates and children less than 10 kg.

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Objectives: To 1) analyze the short-term biochemical improvements and clinical outcomes following treatment of children with post-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 inflammatory syndrome (multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children/pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2) admitted to U.K. PICUs and 2) collate current treatment guidance from U.

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Article Synopsis
  • * The study examined 70 children admitted to Evelina London Children's Hospital during a specific period, highlighting the link between ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and the severity of PIMS-TS.
  • * Findings revealed that children from deprived areas and key worker families experienced longer hospital stays, with black children having notably higher admission durations and ventilation needs.
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Objectives: Bronchiolitis is a leading cause of PICU admission and a major contributor to resource utilization during the winter season. Management in mechanically ventilated patients with bronchiolitis is not standardized. We aimed to assess whether variations exist in management between the centers and then to assess if differences in PICU outcomes are found.

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in adults has been associated with thrombosis. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) with COVID-19 case series have reported high fibrinogen levels, but it is not known whether this causes thrombophilia. We report two patients needing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) who both suffered thrombotic complications.

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Objectives: To study the prevalence, evolution, and clinical factors associated with acute kidney injury in children admitted to PICUs with pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2.

Design: Multicenter observational study.

Setting: Fifteen PICUs across the United Kingdom.

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Background: In April, 2020, clinicians in the UK observed a cluster of children with unexplained inflammation requiring admission to paediatric intensive care units (PICUs). We aimed to describe the clinical characteristics, course, management, and outcomes of patients admitted to PICUs with this condition, which is now known as paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 (PIMS-TS).

Methods: We did a multicentre observational study of children (aged <18 years), admitted to PICUs in the UK between April 1 and May 10, 2020, fulfilling the case definition of PIMS-TS published by the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health.

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Objectives: Neonates with respiratory failure are ideally supported with venovenous rather than venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation due to the reduced rate of neurologic complications. However, the proportion of neonates supported with venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is declining. We aimed to explore the factors behind this decline.

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Few data exist to guide early adjunctive therapy use in pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (PARDS). To describe contemporary use of adjunctive therapies for early PARDS as a framework for future investigations. This was a preplanned substudy of a prospective, international, cross-sectional observational study of children with PARDS from 100 centers over 10 study weeks.

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Objective: To understand the impact of the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) bronchiolitis guidelines on the management of children referred to paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) with bronchiolitis.

Design And Setting: Data were collected on all children referred to a regional PICU transport service with the clinical diagnosis of bronchiolitis during the winter prior to the NICE consultation period (2011-2012) and during the winter after publication (2015-2016). Management initiated by the referring hospital was assessed.

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Background: Paediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (PARDS) is associated with high mortality in children, but until recently no paediatric-specific diagnostic criteria existed. The Pediatric Acute Lung Injury Consensus Conference (PALICC) definition was developed to overcome limitations of the Berlin definition, which was designed and validated for adults. We aimed to determine the incidence and outcomes of children who meet the PALICC definition of PARDS.

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A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper.

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