Predictive Value of the Risk Assessment and Prediction Tool (RAPT) Score for Primary Hip and Knee Arthroplasty Patients: A Single-Center Study.

The Risk Assessment and Prediction Tool (RAPT) was developed to predict patient discharge destination for arthroplasty operations. However, since Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) programs have been utilized in the UK, the RAPT score has not been validated for use. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the predictive validity of the RAPT score in an ERAS environment with short length of stay.

Assessment of a human recombinant manganese superoxide dismutase in models of inflammation.

We evaluated a novel human recombinant preparation of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) for anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activity compared with a copper zinc (CuZn) SOD preparation. The results showed that administration of MnSOD (50, 100 and 200 micrograms kg-1) in the Freund's Complete Adjuvant (FCA) mediated paw oedema model suppressed the inflammation at 4 hours by 43, 25 and 43% (P < 0.001, P < 0.

Specific bradycardic agents. 2. Heteroaromatic modifications in the side chain of specific bradycardic benzazepinones: chemistry, pharmacology, and structure-activity relationships.

Compound 1 (UL-FS 49) has recently been described as the representative of a novel class of antiischemic compounds termed "specific bradycardic agents". In search of specific bradycardic agents with different pharmacokinetic profiles, heteroaromatic analogues of 1 have been synthesized and evaluated for their bradycardic activity, selectivity, and duration of action. The chain length n and the nature of the heteroaromatic system of compounds 2 strongly determine the biological activities.

Specific bradycardic agents. 1. Chemistry, pharmacology, and structure-activity relationships of substituted benzazepinones, a-new class of compounds exerting antiischemic properties.

Structural modification of the calcium-antagonist verapamil (1) by replacement of the lipophilic alpha-isopropylacetonitrile moiety by various heterocyclic ring systems has led to a new class of cardiovascular compounds which are characterized by a specific bradycardic activity. These agents reduce heart rate without binding to classical calcium channels or beta-adrenoceptors, interacting instead specifically with structures at the sino atrial node. Therefore they have also been termed sinus node inhibitors.

Effects of alinidine on survival and infarct size in rats with coronary artery occlusion.

Ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery was performed in open-chest anaesthetized rats. One group had coronary occlusion for 3 h while ligation lasted for 30 min in a second group and was followed by a 150-min reperfusion period. The area at risk and area of infarction were determined immediately after premature death or 3 h after the ligature was set, by means of Evans blue and triphenyltetrazoliumchloride staining and subsequent photometric quantification.

Specific bradycardic agents--a novel pharmacological class?

Data have been reviewed and presented which suggest that substances from two different chemical groups, congeners of alinidine and falipamil, respectively, can be described as representatives of a novel and distinct pharmacological class: specific bradycardic agents (SBAs). They are characterized by a slowing of the sinus rate within physiological limits as the prominent cardiovascular effect. Involvement of alpha-adrenoceptors, beta-adrenoceptors and cholinergic receptors as mediators of the bradycardic effects have been excluded.

Investigations differentiating the mechanism of specific bradycardic agents from that of calcium channel blockers.

The effects of two "specific bradycardic agents", falipamil (AQ-A 39) and the alinidine-congener STH 2148 (2-[N-(cyclopropylmethyl)-N-(2,6-dibromophenyl)amino]-2-imidazolin e), on the spontaneous electrical discharge rate of intact guinea-pig sinus node preparations were investigated in comparison to that of the "calcium channel blocker" verapamil. Addition of falipamil (10 micrograms/ml) to a maximally rate lowering concentration of STH 2148 (30 micrograms/ml) exerted no further bradycardic effect. In contrast, verapamil (0.

Investigations into the bradycardic effects of UL-FS 49 (1,3,4,5-tetrahydro-7,8-dimethoxy-3-[3-[[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl] methylimino]propyl]-2H-3-benzazepin-2-on-hydrochloride) in isolated guinea pig atria.

The new bradycardic agent UL-FS 49 (1,3,4,5-tetrahydro-7,8-dimethoxy-3-[3-[[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl]ethyl] methylimino]propyl]-2H-3-benzazepin-2-on-hydrochloride) was investigated in isolated guinea pig atria. In spontaneously beating preparations UL-FS 49, (0.03 and 0.

Antifibrillatory properties of alinidine after coronary artery occlusion in rats.

Ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery was performed in open-chest anaesthetized rats and mortality as well as changes in ECG were evaluated for 30 min thereafter. Saline or drugs were administered 15 min prior to ligation. In the control group, following a 4 min lag period ventricular arrhythmias as single ectopic beats, ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation (VF) appeared, reaching a maximum between 10 and 20 min and disappearing after 30 min.

Investigations into the bradycardic action of indoramin.

Indoramin is a selective alpha 1-antagonist which reduces blood pressure without reflex tachycardia and can cause a bradycardia. The direct bradycardic effect of indoramin was investigated in various isolated cardiac preparations as well as in the intact cat. In isolated guinea-pig atria indoramin reduced spontaneous atrial rate in concentrations similar to those that reduced maximal driving frequency but smaller than those reducing contractility (EC30 = 0.

Decrease in bradycardic effect of AQ-A 39 and alinidine in guinea-pig sinoatrial node depolarized by high external K+-concentration.

The effects of the two "specific bradycardic agents" AQ-A 39 and alinidine on the spontaneous electrical discharge rate of intact guinea-pig sinus node preparations were investigated. At high external K+-concentrations (10.8 and 16.

Cardiovascular characterization of UL-FS 49, 1,3,4,5-tetrahydro-7,8-dimethoxy-3-[3-][2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl] methylimino]propyl]-2H-3-benzazepin-2-on hydrochloride, a new "specific bradycardic agent".

UL-FS 49, a chemical congener of AQ-A 39 with structural similarities to verapamil, decreased the rate of spontaneously beating guinea-pig atria at much lower concentrations (effective concentration 30%, EC30 = 0.030 microgram/ml) than it decreased the contractility (2.5 Hz; EC30 = 108 micrograms/ml) and maximal driving frequency (EC30 = 11 micrograms/ml) in electrically driven atria.

Effects of peripheral alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonists on baroreceptor responsiveness in conscious dogs.

Baroreceptor responsiveness was investigated in conscious dogs following increasing doses (i.v.) of the selective alpha-adrenoceptor agonists methoxamine (alpha 1) and oxymetazoline (alpha 2), in the presence and absence of beta-adrenoceptor blockade.

Actions of alinidine and AQ-A 39 on rate and contractility of guinea pig atria during beta-adrenoceptor stimulation.

We studied two new agents, alinidine (St 567, 2-[N-allyl-N-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-amino]-2-imidazoline) and AQ-A 39 (5,6-dimethoxy-2-[3[[alpha-(3,4-dimethoxy)-phenylethyl] methylamino]propyl]phthalimidine), in isolated guinea pig atria with respect to their specificity to decrease heart rate but not contractility during beta-adrenoceptor stimulation. Spontaneous electrical activity in sinoatrial node preparations was increased by perfusion with isoprenaline (0.1 micrograms/ml); addition of alinidine (3 micrograms/ml), AQ-A 39 (3 micrograms/ml), or propranolol (0.

Comparison of the bradycardic effects of alinidine (St 567), AQ-A 39 and verapamil on guinea-pig sinoatrial node superfused with different Ca2+ and NaCl solutions.

Two new substances, alinidine (St 567) and AQ-A 39, previously described as 'specific bradycardic agents' were investigated with respect to their effects on the rate of electrical discharges from sinus nodes of isolated right guinea-pig atria. Both substances decreased the discharge rate concentration dependently within a wide range (3-100 micrograms/ml). Low external Ca2+ (0.

AQ-A 39 (5,6-dimethoxy-2-[3[[alpha-(3,4-dimethoxy)-phenylethyl]methylamino]propyl]phtalimidine), a specific bradycardic agent with direct action on the heart.

In isolated guinea-pig atria AQ-A 39 (5,6-dimethoxy-2[3[[alpha-(3,4-dimethoxy)-phenylethyl]methylamino]propyl]phtalimidine) decreased the rate of spontaneously beating preparations, the contraction amplitude and maximal driving frequency of electrically driven preparations. However, the concentrations which reduced the parameters by 30% were different: 1.4 microgram/ml, 110 microgram/ml and 19 microgram/ml respectively.

Chemistry, pharmacology, and structure-activity relationships with a new type of imidazolines exerting a specific bradycardic action at a cardiac site.

The reaction of alkyl halides with 2-(arylimino)imidazolidines (I) leads to imidazoline derivatives II, in which the side chain is situated at the bridge nitrogen atom between the phenyl group and the imidazoline ring. The new imidazolines (II) exert a specific bradycardic action at a cardiac site. Syntheses and pharmacology are shown and structure-activity relationships discussed.

Central cardiovascular alpha-adrenoceptors. Relation to peripheral receptors.

Clonidine and related drugs cause a specific pattern of cardiovascular depression by an agonistic effect on alpha-adrenoceptors within the central nervous system (CNS). For further characterization of the central adrenoceptors, the actions of three substances of the "clonidine-type" derived from two different chemical groups were studied at peripheral vascular sites. Clonidine and two azepin derivatives had very weak vasoconstrictor activity in isolated perfused rat hindquarters.

Mariner 9 ultraviolet spectrometer experiment: stellar observations.

Photoelectric spectra have been obtained for a number of early-type stars in the 1100- to 2000-angstrom region with the Mariner 9 ultraviolet spectrometer. The resonance lines of H I, Si IV, and C IV are easily identified, as are features due to C II, C III, Si III, Fe II, N IV. The absolute energy distribution derived from the data lie about 20 percent below those of OAO-2 in the 1200- to 2000-angstrom region.