Health Equity and Emergency Colorectal Surgery in the United States: A Scoping Review.

Introduction: The emergency colorectal surgery population represents one of the most vulnerable subsets of the larger emergency general surgery population, characterized by increased complication rates, mortality rates, health resource utilization, and hospitalization costs. Disparities and inequities are documented for the emergency general surgery population and its emergency colorectal subset. Addressing health inequities can lead to decreased costs and improvement in patient outcomes; however, it is important to have a full scope of drivers of health inequities in different populations.

How many minutes matter: Association between time saved with air medical transport and survival in trauma patients.

Background: Air medical transport (AMT) offers a survival advantage to trauma patients for several reasons, including time-savings over ground transport. Triage guidelines suggest AMT use when there are significant time-savings, but how much time needs to be saved to confer a benefit is unclear. Our objective was to define the time-savings threshold for which AMT has a survival benefit over ground transport.

Exploring patient and system factors impacting undertriage of injured patients meeting national field triage guideline criteria.

Background: Trauma systems save lives by coordinating timely and effective responses to injury. However, trauma system effectiveness varies geographically, with worse outcomes observed in rural settings. Prior data suggest that undertriage may play a role in this disparity.

Association between timing of operative interventions and mortality in emergency general surgery.

Background: Emergency general surgery (EGS) often demands timely interventions, yet data for triage and timing are limited. This study explores the relationship between hospital arrival-to-operation time and mortality in EGS patients.

Study Design: We performed a retrospective cohort study using an EGS registry at four hospitals, enrolling adults who underwent operative intervention for a primary American Association for the Surgery of Trauma-defined EGS diagnosis between 2021 and 2023.

Apelin-13 improves pulmonary epithelial barrier function in a mouse model of LPS-induced acute lung injury by inhibiting Chk1-mediated DNA damage.

Apelin-13, a type of active peptide, can alleviate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI). However, the specific mechanism is unclear. Cell cycle checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) plays an important role in DNA damage.

Four-factor prothrombin complex concentrate is not inferior to andexanet alfa for the reversal or oral factor Xa inhibitors: An Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma multicenter study.

Background: Andexanet alfa (AA) is the only FDA-approved reversal agent for apixaban and rivaroxaban (DOAC). There are no studies comparing its efficacy with four-factor prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC). This study aimed to compare PCC to AA for DOAC reversal, hypothesizing noninferiority of PCC.

Patient sex and outcomes in children with life-threatening hemorrhage.

Background: Recent data suggest female sex imparts a survival benefit after trauma in adults. The independent associations between patient sex and age with outcomes have not been examined in children with life-threatening hemorrhage (LTH) from all etiologies.

Study Design And Methods: In a secondary analysis of a multicenter prospective observational study of children with LTH, Massive Transfusion in Children (MATIC), we analyzed if patient sex and age were associated with differences in severity of illness, therapies, and outcomes.

Photocurrent-polarity switching between methylene blue-loaded liposome and iodine-doped BiOCl for in-situ amplified immunoassay.

This work designed a liposome-mediated photocurrent polarity switching immunosensor depending on the reversed photocurrent of iodine-doped BiOCl (I-BOC) nanoflowers induced by the released methylene blue (MB) for the detection of prostate-specific antigen (PSA). Initially, MB-loaded liposomes as indicators were confined within the microplates to participate in the sandwiched immunoreaction and lysed under the treatment of Triton X-100 to release numerous MB. Owing to the host-guest recognition between β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and MB, the released MB was immobilized on the β-CD-modified I-BOC/FTO electrode and triggered the photocurrent polarity reversal from cathodic photocurrent to anodic photocurrent.

Cation Exchange Reaction-Mediated Photothermal and Polarity-Switchable Photoelectrochemical Dual-Readout Biosensor.

Cation exchange (CE) is a burgeoning method for controlled crystal synthesis; however, its applications in bioanalysis are still in their infancy. Herein, we explored the transformation of ZnInS in properties after the CE reaction with Cu ions; furthermore, the discrepancy was employed to design a dual-readout detection system of photothermal and polarity-switchable photoelectrochemical (PEC) immunoassays to realize reliable detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). In the presence of CEA, the CuO nanoparticles (CuO NPs) employed as dual-signal response probes would bond to the microplates and be acidolyzed by HCl to release Cu, which could replace Zn and In via the CE reaction.

Doing more with less: low-titer group O whole blood resulted in less total transfusions and an independent association with survival in adults with severe traumatic hemorrhage.

Background: Low-titer group O whole blood (LTOWB) or component therapy (CT) may be used to resuscitate hemorrhaging trauma patients. LTOWB may have clinical and logistical benefits and may improve survival.

Objectives: We hypothesized LTOWB would improve 24-hour survival in hemorrhaging patients and would be safe and equally efficacious in non-group O compared with group O patients.

Impact of patient, system, and environmental factors on utilization of air medical transport after trauma.

Background: Air medical transport (AMT) improves outcomes for severely injured patients. The decision to fly patients is complex and must consider multiple factors. Our objective was to evaluate the interaction between geography, patient and environmental factors, and emergency medical services (EMS) system resources on AMT after trauma.

Evaluating potential disparities in geospatial access to American College of Surgeons/American Association for the Surgery of Trauma-verified emergency general surgery centers.

Background: The American Association for the Surgery of Trauma and the American College of Surgeons have recently introduced emergency general surgery (EGS) center verification, which could enhance patient outcomes. Distance and resource availability may affect access to these centers, which has been linked to higher mortality. Although many patients can receive adequate care at community centers, those with critical conditions may require specialized treatment at EGS-verified centers.

Association Between Emergency Medical Service Agency Volume and Mortality in Trauma Patients.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of annual trauma patient volume on outcomes for emergency medical services (EMS) agencies.

Background: Regionalization of trauma care saves lives. The underlying concept driving this is a volume-outcome relationship.

Self-assembled p-n AgO@BiOS nanoflower heterojunctions for sensitive photoelectrochemical immunoassay.

A new photoelectrochemical immunoassay based on self-assembled p-n AgO@BiOS nanoflower heterojunction was designed and developed for quantitative monitoring of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in biological fluids. Primarily, self-assembled p-n AgO@BiOS nanoflower heterojunctions were served as the photoactive materials and coated onto the surface of electrodes. Subsequently, the glucose oxidase (GOx) was bound to the detection antibody (mAb) labeled gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) and then were employed to accomplish a sandwich-like immunoreaction to generate HO on a microplate incubated with monoclonal anti-PSA antibodies.

Atomically Site Synergistic Effects of Dual-Atom Nanozyme Enhances Peroxidase-like Properties.

Pursuing effective and generalized strategies for modulating the electronic structures of atomically dispersed nanozymes with remarkable catalytic performance is exceptionally attractive yet challenging. Herein, we developed a facile "formamide condensation and carbonization" strategy to fabricate a library of single-atom (M-NC; 6 types) and dual-atom (M/M-NC; 13 types) metal-nitrogen-carbon nanozymes (M = Fe, Co, Ni, Mn, Ru, Cu) to reveal peroxidase- (POD-) like activities. The FeCo-NC dual-atom nanozyme with Fe-N/Co-N coordination displayed the highest POD-like activity.

The Geography of Injuries in Trauma Systems: Using Home as a Proxy for Incident Location.

Introduction: Effective trauma system organization is crucial to timely access to care and requires accurate understanding of injury and resource locations. Many systems rely on home zip codes to evaluate geographic distribution of injury; however, few studies have evaluated the reliability of home as a proxy for incident location after injury.

Methods: We analyzed data from a multicenter prospective cohort collected from 2017 to 2021.

Therapeutic Plasma Exchange Is Associated With Improved Major Adverse Kidney Events in Children and Young Adults With Thrombocytopenia at the Time of Continuous Kidney Replacement Therapy Initiation.

Unlabelled: Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) has been shown to improve organ dysfunction and survival in patients with thrombotic microangiopathy and thrombocytopenia associated with multiple organ failure. There are no known therapies for the prevention of major adverse kidney events after continuous kidney replacement therapy (CKRT). The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of TPE on the rate of adverse kidney events in children and young adults with thrombocytopenia at the time of CKRT initiation.

Ag/MoO-Pd-mediated gasochromic reaction: An efficient dual-mode photoelectrochemical and photothermal immunoassay.

Herein, we presented a dual-readout gasochromic immunosensing platform for accurate and sensitive detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) based on Ag-doped/Pd nanoparticles loaded MoO nanorods (Ag/MoO-Pd). Initially, the presence of analyte CEA would prompt the formation of sandwich-type immunoreaction, accompanied by the introduction of Pt NPs labeled on detection antibody. Upon the addition of NHBH, the product hydrogen (H) will interact with Ag/MoO-Pd as a bridge between the sensing interface and the biological assembly platform.

Smartphone-based photoelectrochemical immunoassay of prostate-specific antigen based on Co-doped BiOS nanosheets.

Portable and on-site detection of target biomarker is of great significance in early diagnosis of diseases. Herein, we designed a portable smartphone-based PEC immunoassay platform to detect prostate specific antigen (PSA) adopting Co-doped BiOS nanosheets as photoactive materials. The fast photocurrent response under visible light and excellent electrical transport rate invest Co-doped BiOS with the property of being effectively excited even under a weak light source.

Optimal Prehospital Crystalloid Resuscitation Volume in Trauma Patients at Risk for Hemorrhagic Shock.

Background: Prehospital resuscitation guidelines vary widely, and blood products, although likely superior, are not available for most patients in the prehospital setting. Our objective was to determine the prehospital crystalloid volume associated with the lowest mortality among patients in hemorrhagic shock.

Study Design: This is a secondary analysis of the Prehospital Air Medical Plasma trial.

Bio-inspired nanozyme with ultra-thin Fe-BiOS nanosheets for in-situ amplified photoelectrochemical immunoassay of cancer-related protein.

A Fe-loaded BiOS nanosheet photoanode serving as photoelectric biomonitoring platform for the detection of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) using biologically inspired prussian nanoparticle (PB)-catalyzed biocatalytic precipitation strategy was developed. Primarily, the signal probe PB-mAb obtained by electrostatic adsorption was immobilized on a microplate in the presence of target PSA, and 4-chloro-1-naphthol (4-CN) was oxidized to benzo-4-chloro-hexadienone (4-CD) with the assistance of exogenous hydrogen peroxide, which was generated by a large number of hydroxyl radicals catalyzed by PB. The generated 4-CD showed strongly low conductivity characteristics to burst the photocurrent of highly photoactive Fe-BiOS photoanode.

Direct Trauma Center Access by Helicopter Emergency Medical Services is Associated With Improved Survival After Severe Injury.

Objective: Evaluate the association of survival with helicopter transport directly to a trauma center compared with ground transport to a non-trauma center (NTC) and subsequent transfer.

Summary Background Data: Helicopter transport improves survival after injury. One potential mechanism is direct transport to a trauma center when the patient would otherwise be transported to an NTC for subsequent transfer.

FGF10 ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice the BMP4-autophagy pathway.

Damage to alveolar epithelial cells caused by uncontrolled inflammation is considered to be the main pathophysiological change in acute lung injury. FGF10 plays an important role as a fibroblast growth factor in lung development and lung diseases, but its protective effect against acute lung injury is unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate protective effect and mechanism of FGF10 on acute lung injury in mice.

Dual-mode colorimetric-photothermal sensing platform of acetylcholinesterase activity based on the peroxidase-like activity of Fe-N-C nanozyme.

Sensors based on colorimetry, fluorescence, and electrochemistry have been widely employed to detect acetylcholinesterase and its inhibitors, however, there are only a minority of strategies for AChE detection based on photothermal method. This work reports a versatile dual-mode colorimetric and photothermal biosensing platform for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) detection and its inhibitor (paraoxon-ethyl, a model of AChE inhibitors) monitor based on Fe-N-C/HO/3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) system. The Fe-N-C with abundant active Fe-Nx sites shows outstanding peroxidase-mimicking activity and can be used to promote the generation of •OH by HO to oxidize TMB.