Aetiology and therapeutics of burning mouth syndrome: an update.

Objective: To provide a review on the aetiology and therapeutic options for the management of patients with burning mouth syndrome (BMS).

Background: BMS is a chronic disorder that frequently affects women and is characterised by burning symptoms of the oral mucosa without clinical signs. This syndrome has a complex and multifactorial characteristics, but its aetiology remains unknown and this makes it difficult with regard to the treatment and management of such patients.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma from users and nonusers of tobacco and alcohol: clinicopathologic features and immunoreactivity of VEGF, caspase-3, and p53.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to compare the clinicopathologic characteristics and immunoreactivity of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), caspase-3, and p53 between oral squamous cell carcinomas from users and nonusers of tobacco and alcohol.

Design: We randomly selected 90 specimens of oral carcinomas, from patients diagnosed between 1991 and 2011 in Oral Medicine Division. The specimens were distributed into 3 groups according to exposure to risk factors: 30 specimens from smokers, 30 from smokers/alcohol drinkers, and 30 from individuals not exposed to these factors.

The role of epigenetic transcription repression and DNA methyltransferases in cancer.

Epigenetic alterations such as DNA methylation have been implicated in the development and progression of various cancers. DNA methylation consists of the reversible addition of a methyl group to the carbon 5 position of cytosine in CpG dinucleotides and is considered essential for normal embryonic development. However, global genomic hypomethylation and aberrant hypermethylation of regulatory regions of tumor suppressor genes have been associated with chromosomal instability and transcription repression, respectively, providing neoplastic cells with a selective advantage.

Evaluation of salivary endothelin-1 levels in oral squamous cell carcinoma and oral leukoplakia.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most frequent malignant neoplasia of the oral cavity, which largely compromises the patient's life quality. Therefore, the identification of biomarkers for this kind of cancer is essential to provide a better diagnosis and prognosis for patients. Endothelin-1 is a peptide produced mainly by endothelial cells, and might be found in several body fluids, such as saliva, milk, urine, cerebrospinal fluid and plasma.

Endothelins and their receptors as biological markers for oral cancer.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common malignancies recognized nowadays, and represents a public health problem. Its early detection is the better alternative to provide a good quality of life for the patients. During the last years, several studies have identified potential biomarkers of OSCC progression and prognosis.

DNA ploidy in oral lichen planus, determined by image cytometry.

Background: The objective of this study was to use image cytometry to determine the degree and frequency of DNA ploidy in biopsies of reticular and atrophic-erosive oral lichen planus and to analyze 14 karyometric measurements of the nuclei of epithelial cells from each specimen.

Methods: A total of 40 slides were analyzed, each of them representing one biopsy of one oral lichen planus (OLP) lesion from each one of the 40 patients (cases) studied. Specimens were embedded in paraffin and comprised 20 slides of reticular oral lichen planus (group R) and 20 slides of atrophic-erosive oral lichen planus (group AE).

Oral erythroplakia and speckled leukoplakia: retrospective analysis of 13 cases.

Unlabelled: Erythroplakia and speckled leukoplakia are oral precancerous lesions that have a high potential for malignant transformation.

Aim: A retrospective analysis was conducted to investigate the clinicopathologic features of 13 cases of oral erythroplakia and speckled leukoplakia in patients who were seen at a center specialized in stomatology and Histopathological diagnosis of oral diseases.

Materials And Methods: All cases diagnosed with erythroplakia and speckled leukoplakia between 1978 and 2006 were retrieved from the service archives.

Study of intussusceptive angiogenesis in inflammatory regional lymph nodes by scanning electron microscopy.

The aim of the present study was to verify the occurrence of intussusceptive angiogenesis in blood vessels from submandibular lymph nodes responsible for lymphatic drainage of the tongue. A surgical wound inflicted on the ventral tongue of male Wistar rats and submandibular regional lymph nodes were evaluated at different postoperative periods. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe 123 lymph nodes at times 2, 3, 7, 10, 14, and 21 postoperative days.

Contribution to the study of the vasculature of submandibular and sublingual glands and lymph nodes of rats by corrosion cast technique combined with scanning electron microscopy.

The study of anatomical structures in their normal state allows the identification of pathological changes that can occur in them. Angiogenesis and the vasculature have been widely studied, mainly because of their association with the development of neoplasms. One of the methods applied for such purposes is the corrosion cast technique, which provides a copy of the vessels with normal as well as pathological structures.

Angioarchitecture of the ventral surface of the tongue from Wistar rats.

The goal of this study was to describe the angioarchitecture of the ventral surface of the tongue from Wistar rats using a vascular corrosion casting technique associated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Six Wistar rats were used for the vascular casting method with Mercox resin. Following the resin polymerization, the tongue of each animal was dissected and corroded in a 5% sodium hydroxide solution.

Extensive myiasis infestation over a squamous cell carcinoma in the face. Case report.

Human myiasis is a parasitosis found in tropical and underdeveloped countries. It usually affects the elderly, unhealthy and mentally disabled individuals. It is caused by dipterous that lay their eggs in necrotic or infected tissues, although areas of the body that are apparently healthy can also be affected.

Vascular corrosion casting technique steps.

The vascular corrosion casting technique produces a replica of vascular beds of normal or pathological tissues. Once associated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), this technique provides details of the three-dimensional anatomic arrangement of the vascular replica, which is the main advantage of this method. The present study is intended to describe the steps of the vascular corrosion casting technique and the different ways to perform them.

Oral myiasis: a case report.

Oral myiasis is a rare disease in humans associated with poor oral hygiene, suppurative oral lesions, alcoholism and senility, among other conditions. A case of oral myiasis in a 34-year-old white male with advanced periodontal disease and neurologic deficit is reported. Treatment consisted of manual removal of the larvae, one by one, with the help of clinical forceps and subsequent management of the periodontal disease.

Highly aggressive brown tumor in the jaw associated with tertiary hyperparathyroidism.

The purpose of this paper is to describe the case of a 12-year-old patient with end-stage chronic renal failure. The patient presented with an osteolytic lesion in the mandible with expansion of the buccal, lingual, and occlusal cortical bone, as well as dislocation of the teeth in the area. The calcium, creatinine, and parathormone (PTH) contents of the blood were elevated.

Association between recurrent aphthous stomatitis and salivary thiocyanate levels.

The aim of this work was to investigate the association between recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) and salivary thiocyanate levels. The sample comprised men and women of age ranging from 15 to 55 years, who were allocated to four groups: 28 patients in RAS active phase (group 1); 28 patients in RAS remission phase (group 2); 29 smokers (group 3); 26 non-smokers without RAS (group 4). Samples of whole saliva mechanically stimulated were collected, and thiocyanate levels were measured.

Squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue after bone marrow transplantation in a patient with Fanconi anemia.

Fanconi anemia (FA) is an autosomal recessive disorder that might cause a variety of congenital and developmental abnormalities. The most important features of FA are progressive bone marrow failure and development of malignancies, particularly acute myeloid leukemia and solid tumors. This paper reports the case of a 12-year-old patient with FA assisted at the Stomatology and Bucomaxillofacial Cancer Prevention Service of São Lucas Hospital, Brazil, who had been submitted to bone marrow transplantation (BMT) at the age of 5 and exhibited oral lesions characteristic of chronic graft versus host disease (GVHD).

Histologic evaluation of effect of thiocyanate topical application on hamster cheek pouch.

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of topical thiocyanate (SCN(-)) application on hamster cheek pouch mucosa. Sixty-six hamsters were divided into two groups. The test substance containing potassium thiocyanate was applied on the hamsters' cheek pouches at 55 mg/kg dosages.

Viral coinfection in the oral cavity of HIV-infected children: relation among HIV viral load, CD4+ T lymphocyte count and detection of EBV, CMV and HSV.

Viral coinfection in the oral cavity associated to HIV infection was evaluated in 180 children from birth to 13 years of age of both sexes. The oral examinations were performed at the Pediatric AIDS Outpatient Clinic, São Lucas Hospital and Clinic Hospital, both in Porto Alegre, Brazil and at the School of Dental Medicine, University Hospital Center, State University of New York at Stony Brook, USA. The aim of this study was to identify the presence of viral infections in the oral cavity.

[Clinical-epidemiologic profile of paracoccidioidomycosis at the Stomatology Department of São Lucas Hospital, Pontificia Universidade Católica of Rio Grande do Sul].

The aim of the article was to describe clinical and epidemiological features of 61 oral paracoccidioidomycosis cases from the Stomatology Department of São Lucas Hospital, analyzed from July 1976 to June 2004. The State of Rio Grande do Sul is an endemic region due to ecoepidemiologic conditions, that are favorable for the development of the yeast. Men are the most affected gender, with 58 (95%) affected compared to 3 (5%) women.

Assessment of p63 expression in oral squamous cell carcinomas and dysplasias.

Objectives: p63, a p53 homologue, may be associated with tumorigenesis in epithelial tissues through its inhibition of p53 transactivation functions. We sought to determine the pattern and levels of p63 expression in oral dysplasias and carcinomas using standard immunohistochemical staining. We also assessed and compared expression of p53 and a cell proliferation marker in these lesions.

Comparative analyses between the smoking habit frequency and the nucleolar organizer region associated proteins in exfoliative cytology of smokers' normal buccal mucosa.

An evaluation of the cellular alterations in the smoker's oral mucosal cells was performed. Exfoliative Citology technique were applied and the cytologic smears stained with silver for quantitative analyses of Argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions. (AgNORs).

[The association between oral manifestations and the socioeconomic and cultural characteristics of HIV-infected children in Brazil and in the United States of America].

Objectives: This study had two objectives: (1) to investigate the socioeconomic and cultural characteristics of HIV-infected children and their families in relation to the presence of oral manifestations of AIDS and (2) to identify the most frequent oral manifestations of AIDS in the sample of children studied.

Methods: The sample consisted of a total of 184 children - both boys and girls - from 0 to 13 years old. The children were receiving care at two hospitals in the city of Porto Alegre, Brazil (the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre and the Hospital São Lucas da Pontifícia Universidade Católica), and at Stony Brook University Hospital, which is in the state of New York, United States.

[Oral manifestations, CD4+ T-lymphocytes count and viral load in Brazilian and North-American HIV-infected children].

Oral manifestations related to HIV infection were evaluated in 184 children of both genders, aging 0-13 years. The oral exams were carried out at the Ambulatory of Pediatric AIDS, São Lucas Hospital and at the Clinics Hospital, both in Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, and at the University Hospital and School of Dentistry, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY, USA, from January 1999 to May 2000. A high prevalence of oral manifestations was observed both in Brazilian (72.