Spread of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa clones in patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia in an adult intensive care unit at a university hospital.

Background: In Brazil, ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) caused by carbapenem resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates are associated with significant mortality, morbidity and costs. Studies on the clonal relatedness of these isolates could lay the foundation for effective infection prevention and control programs.

Objectives: We sought to study the epidemiological and molecular characteristics of A.

Molecular epidemiology of CTX-M producing Enterobacteriaceae isolated from bloodstream infections in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: emergence of CTX-M-15.

Objective: The present study was designed to evaluate the molecular epidemiology of CTX-M producing Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae and Escherichia coli isolated from bloodstream infections at tertiary care hospitals in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Material And Methods: A total of 231 nonduplicate Enterobacteriaceae were isolated from five Brazilian hospitals between September 2007 and September 2008. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by disk diffusion method according to the Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute.

Update of the molecular epidemiology of KPC-2-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in Brazil: spread of clonal complex 11 (ST11, ST437 and ST340).

Objectives: To perform molecular epidemiology for 113 KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated in 2010 from 12 Brazilian states.

Methods: The resistance profile was determined by disc diffusion and Etest. Genetic polymorphism was analysed by PFGE and multilocus sequence typing.

Diversity of genotypes in CTX-M-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated in different hospitals in Brazil.

Objective: The present study was undertaken to characterize CTX-M ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae collected from hospitals in different cities of Brazil.

Material And Methods: Eighty-five K. pneumoniae strains isolated from hospitalized patients in six different hospitals of three cities of Brazil were analyzed.

Molecular epidemiology of KPC-2- producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates in Brazil: the predominance of sequence type 437.

The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic relatedness of 57 KPC-2-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from 5 states in Brazil, during 2006-2009. Pulse-field gel electrophoresis analysis identified 10 pulsotypes. The pulsotype designated as Kp-RJ (Klebsiella pneumoniae-Rio de Janeiro) was the dominant clone found in the states of Rio de Janeiro and Espírito Santo.

Carbapenem-hydrolysing beta-lactamase KPC-2 in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to characterize the KPC-type carbapenem-hydrolysing beta-lactamase, extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) and class 1 integrons among nosocomial Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Methods: MICs were determined and isolates were screened for ESBLs, metallo-beta-lactamases (MBLs) and class A carbapenemase-producing phenotypes. The main beta-lactamases resistance genes (bla(TEM), bla(SHV), bla(CTX-M), bla(KPC), bla(IMP) and bla(VIM)) and class 1 integrons were detected by PCR followed by DNA sequencing.

Phage types of Salmonella enteritidis isolated from clinical and food samples, and from broiler carcasses in southern Brazil.

272 isolates of Salmonella Enteritidis (111 isolated from frozen broiler chicken carcasses, 126 from human food and other biological materials involved in food poisoning outbreaks and 35 from different poultry materials) were selected for phage typing. From these, 111 were phage typed, 57.65% being classified as phage type 4, 32.