Particular Anatomy of the Hyperopic Eye and Potential Clinical Implications.

: Hyperopia is a refractive error which affects cognitive and social development if uncorrected and raises the risk of primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG). : The study included only the right eye-40 hyperopic eyes in the study group (spherical equivalent (SE) under pharmacological cycloplegia over 0.50 D), 34 emmetropic eyes in the control group (SE between -0.

The ocular surface bacterial contamination and its management in the prophylaxis of post cataract surgery endophthalmitis.

To investigate the recent pieces of evidence regarding the bacterial ocular surface contamination and its treatment in the prophylaxis of post-cataract surgery endophthalmitis. We conducted a literature research on the topic of interest and selected the most relevant data. The studies reported a relatively high rate of positive conjunctival culture and the most frequently isolated organism was Coagulase negative Staphylococcus, which is also the most common etiological agent of the postoperative endophthalmitis.

Clinical and therapeutic particularities of congenital cataracts in pediatric patients with Down syndrome.

This study aims to identify clinical and therapeutic surgical particularities and postoperative complications encountered in children suffering from Down syndrome and congenital cataract, as well as the existence of a correlation with associated systemic anomalies. A retrospective interventional study that analyzes cases of congenital cataracts operated on a group of 14 children with Down syndrome, respectively on 26 eyes, was performed. The age of the children at the time of the surgery, the presence of associated ocular and systemic anomalies, the employed surgical technique, the frequency and the type of postoperative complications, were examined.

Adding myofibroblasts to the lacrimal pump.

The lacrimal sac (LS) empties in the nasolacrimal duct to drain the tears in the inferior nasal meatus. Different studies indicated the role of the lacrimal pump in the lacrimal drainage. Although controversial, the lacrimal pump mechanism is an extrinsic one, either active, or passive.

The neuroprotective role of citicoline treatment in glaucoma - 6 months results of a prospective therapeutic trial.

Neuroprotective treatment, including citicoline, is a new perspective in glaucoma management, having the role of progression delay. The purpose of the present study was to observe the evolution of the different parameters in patients with glaucoma treated with citicoline. 22 patients with GPUD were enrolled in the study, and they received oral citicoline in addition to the ocular hypotensive therapy.

Rare ophthalmology diseases.

Rare ocular pathology has an important impact on the quality of life of patients because often the damage is bilateral and, although asymmetric, causes a significant decrease in visual acuity. Because it may be asymptomatic until a relatively late stage, diagnosis is frequently delayed. A general understanding of the disease pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment may assist primary care physicians in referring high-risk patients for comprehensive ophthalmological examination and for a more active involvement in their care.

Macular pigment density changes in central serous chorioretinopathy.

To present a series of 2 cases of central serous chorioretinopathy and the changes in the macular pigment optical density during the evolution of the disease. A 32-year-old patient presented himself for blurred vision on his LE. The SD OCT imaging revealed serous macular detachment of the neurosensory retina on the LE.

Macular serpiginous choroiditis - case report.

Serpiginous choroiditis represents an inflammation, often asymmetric, situated at the level of the inner choroid, which is related to the retinal pigment epithelium and the choriocapillaris. It is known as a primarily idiopathic, but there are authors who consider it an autoimmune process. Many times, fundus autofluorescence is the investigation which is guiding the diagnosis, the management, also the follow-up together with the determination of the progressive visual prognosis.

Investigation of importance of the structural parameters of the eyeball and of the technical parameters of cataract surgery on corneal endothelial changes.

was to look into the importance of the structural parameters of the eyeball, in relationship with the technical parameters of cataract surgery regarding the corneal endothelial changes made by it. The paper refers at a prospective study in which we included eighty-eight consecutive eyes from eighty-six different patients having age-related cataract and a visual acuity of a values less than 0.8 considering best possible correction with it.

An overview of the influence and design of biomaterial of the intraocular implant of the posterior capsule opacification.

Posterior capsule opacification remains till nowadays one of the most hypothetical problems concerning the cataract surgery. When it comes in preventing PCO, this complication is made in multiple ways that concern, along with the surgery steps, the choice for the biomaterial of the intraocular implant lens. The concern of influence of the type of the used material (hydro-phob/ hydro-philic), of the design of the implant (1-piece IOL = monobloc vs.

Similarities and differences between three different types of white dot syndrome and the therapeutic possibilities.

White dot syndromes consists a group of inflammatory eye diseases with an unknown etiology involving the external retina, retinal pigment epithelium, choroid or combinations of them. They affect one or both eyes, at the same time or not. White dot syndromes are often self-limited, with a variable prognosis, depending on the type of the disease.

Overexpression of Tear Inflammatory Cytokines as Additional Finding in Keratoconus Patients and Their First Degree Family Members.

Keratoconus is a progressive corneal ectasia that may lead to severe visual impairment due to the irregular astigmatism caused by corneal thinning. In addition to its association with atopy, eye rubbing, or genetic component, late reports suggest the involvement of inflammation in the pathogenesis of the disease. Our aim was to determine the concentration of IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, RANTES, IFN gamma, and TNF alpha in the tear film of patients with keratoconus and their first degree family members.

A referable clinical pattern of spondyloarthritis-associated uveitis.

The aim of the study was to identify a clinical pattern of spondyloarthritis (SpA)-associated uveitis in order to facilitate proper rheumatologic referral by ophthalmologists. Demographic data were recorded and acute phase reactants were measured using standard methods between May and August 2017, for all adult patients (age > 18 years) presenting with acute uveitis (standardization of uveitis nomenclature). Afterwards, they were referred to a rheumatology clinic to be screened for the 2009 Assessment of SpondyloArthritis International Society (ASAS) classification criteria of SpA.

The importance of corneal biomechanics in assessing first degree family members of keratoconus patients.

to determine the values of biomechanical parameters (corneal hysteresis - CH, corneal resistance factor - CRF and keratoconus match index - KMI) in patients with keratoconus and their first degree family members. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the importance of assessing corneal biomechanics in subjects at risk of developing the primary ectasia. 48 participants divided into three groups were analyzed in an observational study after a complete ophthalmological exam with the primary focus on Ocular Response Analyzer.

Advances in the treatment of uveitis in patients with spondyloarthritis - is it the time for biologic therapy?

Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is a heterogeneous group of diseases that includes ankylosing spondylitis (AS), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), reactive arthritis (ReA), inflammatory bowel disease-associated spondyloarthritis (IBD-SpA), and undifferentiated spondyloarthritis (unSpA). This group of diseases shares several clinical, imaging, and genetic features; the integration of these diseases in the group of SpA is needed for an early diagnosis and a prompt treatment. Uveitis is the most common extra-articular manifestation of SpA.

The use of biologic therapies in uveitis.

Purpose: Non-infectious uveitis has been long controlled with the use of corticosteroids with many side effects and poor control in some cases. The purpose of this paper was to assess the different biologic agents (in this case infliximab and adalimumab) and to compare their efficacy in the treatment of uveitis.

Results: Adalimumab has been proven very successful in replacing or aiding corticosteroid therapy in different autoimmune mediated uveitis (Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis, Rheumatoid arthritis, sarcoidosis) whereas infliximab has been used intravenously and recently intravitreally with very promising results in controlling Behcet's related uveitis.

Ocular implants-methods of ocular reconstruction following radical surgical interventions.

The main motivation of an ocular-orbital reconstruction after a radical surgical intervention (evisceration, enucleation) is represented by the psychological and socio-economic impact of such interventions on life conditions of patients. The current methods for ocular prosthesis are based on a new concept, which is nanotechnology, and its main objectives represent the reconstruction of the remaining orbital volume, reduction of postoperative complications and maintaining a satisfactory esthetical aspect. This review will discuss the numerous types of ocular implants that have been used throughout history as well as the most recent methods used by ophthalmic surgeons, also taking into consideration the advantages and disadvantages from a cosmetic, functional and short and long term postoperative complications point of view.

Citicoline - a neuroprotector with proven effects on glaucomatous disease.

Citicoline is the generic name of cytidine-5'-diphosphocholine (CDP-choline), an endogenous compound that is able to increase the levels of neurotransmitters in the central nervous system by interacting with the synthesis of cellular membranes phospholipids, especially phosphatidylcholine. Exogenous Citicoline, administered by ingestion or injection, is hydrolyzed and dephosphorylated in order to form cytidine and choline, which resynthesize CDP-choline inside brain cells. It has proven neuroprotective effects in Alzheimer disease, stroke, and Parkinson's disease, as well as in glaucoma and amblyopia.

Inflammatory Biomarkers Profile as Microenvironmental Expression in Keratoconus.

Keratoconus is a degenerative disorder with progressive stromal thinning and transformation of the normal corneal architecture towards ectasia that results in decreased vision due to irregular astigmatism and irreversible tissue scarring. The pathogenesis of keratoconus still remains unclear. Hypotheses that this condition has an inflammatory etiopathogenetic component apart from the genetic and environmental factors are beginning to escalate in the research domain.

Repair of the Orbital Wall Fractures in Rabbit Animal Model Using Nanostructured Hydroxyapatite-Based Implant.

Cellular uptake and cytotoxicity of nanostructured hydroxyapatite (nanoHAp) are dependent on its physical parameters. Therefore, an understanding of both surface chemistry and morphology of nanoHAp is needed in order to be able to anticipate its behavior. The aim of this paper is to characterize an engineered nanoHAp in terms of physico-chemical properties, biocompatibility, and its capability to reconstitute the orbital wall fractures in rabbits.

Histopathological findings concerning ocular melanomas.

Ocular melanoma is rare in clinical practice. In this study, we present three cases of ocular melanoma surgically removed in the Department of Ophthalmology of the Emergency University Hospital of Bucharest, Romania, and diagnosed in the Department of Pathology of the same hospital using conventional histopathological techniques and immunohistochemical tests.

[Ocular involvement in spondylarthritis--new mechanisms, new therapies].

Spondyloarthrites (SPA) represent a group of heterogenous rheumatic diseases (ankylosing spondylitis/SA, psoriatic arthritis/PsA, reactive arthritis/ReA, spondyloarthritis in bowel inflammatory diseases/BID, undifferentiated spondyloarthritis/undif SpA) with distinct clinical features and common genetic predisposition (HLA-B27). SpA may also affect other organs, ocular involvement, represented by uveitis and conjunctivitis, being one of the most important extraskeletal manifestations. Pathogenic mechanisms of ocular involment in SpA are not entirely known; nevertheless, the inflammatory process which characterizes the main rheumatic diseases seems to be responsible for this extraskeletal manifestation.

Immunohistochemistry of a choroidal melanoma: nestin, CD34 and CD117÷c-kit labeling.

In a case of choroidal melanoma (CM) in a 70-year-old male patient, was firstly aimed at studying the processes of angiogenesis by use of nestin and CD34 antibodies. Anti-CD117÷c-kit antibodies were further considered for their progenitor cells specificity. Choroidal melanoma was histopathologically confirmed.

Acantholytic squamous cell carcinoma: pathological study of nine cases with review of literature.

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is classified in many subtypes or forms; one of them is the acantholytic squamous cell carcinoma, also called pseudoglandular, adenoid, epithelioma dyskeratoticum segregans, or adenoacanthoma. Researching and analyzing nine cases of acantholytic squamous cell carcinoma, we intend to verify if the data provided by the cases studied can be validated by the scientific literature. All the cases presented lesions found on the head and neck skin, with two exceptions - one on the larynx and the other one on the tonsil, all of them ulcerated lesions.