Family out-of-pocket expenditure for type 2 diabetes mellitus care and percentage of family income.

Background: Type 2 diabetes has economic implications involving family income and out-of-pocket spending.

Objective: Determine family out-of-pocket expenditure for type 2 diabetes mellitus care and percentage of family income.

Material And Methods: Study of family out-of-pocket spending in families with patients with type 2 diabetes treated at primary care level.

[Cost-effectiveness of digital care and face-to-face care in the first-level of care].

Background: The medical care paradigm is face-to-face; however, technological development has led to the digital modality.

Objective: To determine cost-effectiveness of digital care and face-to-face care at the first level of care.

Material And Methods: Cost-effectiveness study.

[Association between family functionality and mild cognitive impairment in the family with the elderly].

Aim: To determine the association between family functionality and mild cognitive impairment in the family with the elderly.

Methodology: Analytical cross-sectional design in families with geriatric patients. A family with a geriatric patient was considered when at least one of its members was over 60years of age.

[Epidemiological profile of rheumatoid arthritis].

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis affects approximately between 0.3 and 1.2% of the world population.

Family with systemic arterial hypertension: epidemiological profile.

The aim of this study was to determine the epidemiological profile of the family with systemic arterial hypertension. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in 268 families with this disease, the epidemiological profile included seven dimensions, sociodemographic, economic, family functionality, life cycle, family roles, health and use of services. The mean age of the families was 49.

Evaluation of the prescription pattern of ferrous sulfate as a therapy for preventing iron deficiency anemia in infants.

Background: Iron deficiency prevalence in infants is high. Therefore, iron supplementation has been recommended and specified as a program. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of the prescription of ferrous sulfate as a preventive therapy for iron deficiency anemia in young infants.

[Incidence of COVID-19 in health workers. Work activity and home protection].

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has had repercussions in the social, economic, psychological and health spheres, for which risk and exposure groups have been identified. Health workers are distinguished from the rest of the population by constant contact with patients carrying the SARS-CoV-2 virus.

Objetive: To determine the difference in the incidence of COVID-19 in health workers who remain in work activity and those who shelter at home.

[Chronic degenerative conditions as risk factors for lethal COVID-19Doenças crônicas degenerativas como fator de risco para letalidade por COVID-19].

Objective: To determine the relative risk of a lethal outcome associated with chronic degenerative conditions in patients with COVID-19.

Methods: A cohort study was conducted using electronic medical records belonging to patients who tested positive for COVID-19 on RT-PCR while receiving care as outpatients or inpatients in a social security system facility between March 2020 and March 2021. Two study groups were formed.

Comparison of growth and psychomotor development in daycare centers attended by professionals.

Background: Growth and development reflect the child's health condition. Currently, child care is supported in daycare centers. In this context, this article aimed to identify the differences in growth and psychomotor development in children according to their attendance at daycare centers.

[Disease belief, medication belief and adherence to treatment in patients with high blood pressure].

Objective: Compare disease beliefs and medication beliefs with adherence to treatment in patients with hypertension without diabetes mellitus.

Method: Comparative transverse design in hypertensive population, a group of 137 adherent patients and a group of 129 non-adherent patients. The beliefs of the disease and beliefs about the medication were evaluated.

[Disability adjusted life years lost due to acute, chronic disability and premature death in arterial hypertension].

Objective: To determine the disability adjusted life years in arterial hypertension without diabetes mellitus.

Method: Disability adjusted life years was determined from chronic disability (chronic kidney disease, heart disease and cerebral vascular event), acute disability (hypertensive crisis and hypertensive emergency) and premature death. Age of diagnosis, age of the complication, prevalence of the complication, duration of the acute event, number of acute events, time lived with hypertension, age of death and life expectancy were identified.

[Institutional cost of the patient with chronic kidney disease managed with hemodialysis].

Background: Chronic kidney disease cost is considered high for health systems due to the amount of supplies required for treatment and increasing prevalence.

Objective: Determine institutional cost of hemodialysis in chronic kidney disease.

Method: Cost design from the institutional perspective, in patients with chronic kidney disease managed with hemodialysis.

[Risk factors for developing acute kidney injury in elderly patients].

Background: The incidence of acute kidney injury in hospitalized elderly is a frequent event that makes them prone to complications and can even lead to death. Therefore, identifying risk factors for developing acute kidney injury becomes a priority in the process of care of the elderly.

Objective: To identify the main risk factors for acute kidney injury in hospitalized elderly and, on the basis of those risk factors, calculate the probability of presentation.

[Cost of medical attention in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease].

Background: The chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a preventable entity, when it develops the patient suffers severe complications, with a high economic impact for the patient and for health services.

Objetive: To determine the cost of medical care in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Methods: Using a cost design, the files of patients with COPD who attended the pulmonology clinic were analyzed.

Direct cost of medical care in patients with gonarthrosis.

Objective: To determine the cost of medical care in patients with gonarthrosis.

Material And Methods: Cost study in patients over 40 years of age with gonarthrosis, diagnosed according to the radiological classification of Kellgren and Lawrence. The average annual cost (euros) was estimated taking the unit cost plus average use of services such as family medicine, imaging, laboratory, electrodiagnosis, orthopedics, hospitalization, physical therapy, surgery, nutrition, preoperative assessment and medication.

[Health status of the elderly in primary health care practices using an integral geriatric assessment].

Objective: To determine the health status of patients 60 years of age or over in Primary Health Care practices using an integral geriatric assessment.

Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study.

Location: Five primary care units, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social; México.

Institutional and familial cost of patients in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.

Objective: to determine the cost of institutional and familial care for patients with chronic kidney disease replacement therapy with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.

Methods: a study of the cost of care for patients with chronic kidney disease treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis was undertaken. The sample size (151) was calculated with the formula of the averages for an infinite population.

[Natural history of breast cancer diagnostic procedures].

Objective: To build a model that explains the natural history of breast cancer diagnostic procedures.

Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study of 245 women between 40 and 69 years of age, selected by simple random sampling, who underwent a mammography and met the requirements of the breast cancer diagnostic procedure. Diagnosis was made by biopsy.

[Physical exploration and morbidity of pelvic members in the diabetic patient type 2].

Objective: to determine the prevalence of the physical exploration and morbidity on pelvic members in the type 2 diabetic patient.

Methodology: cross-sectional study; 189 files of diabetic family medicine patients were analyzed. The sample was considered with the formula of proportions for a finite population.

[Economic cost of polypharmacy in the elderly in primary health care].

Objective: to quantify the economic cost of polypharmacy in the elderly.

Methods: cost study design, made in two first-level medical units. The study was conducted in 131 older adult patients with polypharmacy, chronic degenerative disease and at least one medical visit per year.

[Comparison of the effectiveness of isokinetic vs isometric therapeutic exercise in patients with osteoarthritis of knee].

Introduction: Osteoarthritis is a chronic joint disease; isometric exercise leads to the development of mechanical work and isokinetic exercise leads to better joint mobility.

Objectives: To compare the effectiveness of isometric versus isokinetic therapeutic exercises in patients with knee osteoarthritis.

Material And Methods: Quasiexperimental study in a population of 45 to 75 year old patients with a diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis.

[Cost per capita in outpatients by gender].

The objective of this study is to identify the annual cost per capita by gender in first level of attention. It is a cost study in Family Physician Units in Mexico. The information corresponded to the year of 2004 and the study divided in the use profile and cost attention.

[Risk factors and the probability of developing dental decay in four-year-old children].

Objective: To identify the risk factors and to estimate the probability to develop dental decay.

Methods: A study of cases and controls in 4-year-old children, with a sample of 102 patients selected by quota was done. The oral hygiene habit, consumption of cariogenic food, annual oral evaluation and topical application of fluorine were studied as risk factors.

[Opportunity cost for men who visit family medicine units in the city of Querétaro, Mexico].

Objective: To determine the opportunity cost for men who seek care in the family medicine units (FMU) of the Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social) in the city of Querétaro.

Methods: A sample was selected of 807 men, ages 20 to 59 years, who sought care through the family medicine, laboratory, and pharmacy services provided by the FMU at the IMSS in Querétaro. Patients referred for emergency services and those who left the facilities without receiving care were excluded.