Eight sessions of transcranial electrical stimulation for postural response in people with Parkinson's disease: A randomized trial.

Background: Impairments in postural responses to perturbation are common in people with Parkinson's disease (PwPD) and lack effective treatment. We recently showed that a single session of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) promotes acute improvement of postural response to perturbation in PwPD. However, the effects of multiple tDCS sessions remain unclear.

Aerobic exercise on the treadmill combined with transcranial direct current stimulation on the gait of people with Parkinson's disease: A protocol for a randomized clinical trial.

Gait impairments negatively affect the quality of life of people with Parkinson's disease (PwPD). Aerobic exercise (AE) is an alternative to alleviate these impairments and its combination with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has demonstrated synergistic effects. However, the effect of multitarget tDCS application (i.

Transcranial direct current stimulation suggests not improving postural control during adapted tandem position in people with Parkinson's disease: A pilot study.

Background: Balance impairments in people with Parkinson's disease (PD) demonstrated mainly in challenging postural tasks, such as increased body oscillation may be attributed to the deficits in the brain structures functionality involved in postural control (e.g., motor cortex, midbrain, and brainstem).

Electrocortical Dynamics of Usual Walking and the Planning to Step over Obstacles in Parkinson's Disease.

The neural correlates of locomotion impairments observed in people with Parkinson's disease (PD) are not fully understood. We investigated whether people with PD present distinct brain electrocortical activity during usual walking and the approach phase of obstacle avoidance when compared to healthy individuals. Fifteen people with PD and fourteen older adults walked overground in two conditions: usual walking and obstacle crossing.

Transcranial direct current stimulation for balance rehabilitation in neurological disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Postural instability is common in neurological diseases. Although transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) seems to be a promising complementary therapy, emerging evidence indicates mixed results and protocols' characteristics. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science to synthesize key findings of the effectiveness of single and multiple sessions of tDCS alone and combined with other interventions on balance in adults with neurological disorders.

Cumulative additional information does not improve the neuromuscular control during postural responses to perturbations in postural instability/gait disorders subtype of Parkinson's disease.

Background: Postural response impairments in postural instability and gait disorders (PIGD) subtype patients may be attributed to Parkinson's disease (PD)-deterioration in central-set (programing/modulating of central outputs during motor responses). Although additional information improves some PD motor impairments, an unanswered question is whether additional information can benefit postural response in PIGD subtype.

Objective: To analyze the effect of cumulative additional information on postural responses after perturbation in PIGD and neurologically healthy older adults (CG).

Bi-Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Combined With Treadmill Walking Decreases Motor Cortical Activity in Young and Older Adults.

Walking in the "real world" involves motor and cognitive processes. In relation to this, declines in both motor function and cognition contribute to age-related gait dysfunction. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and treadmill walking (STW) have potential to improve gait, particularly during dual-task walking (DTW); walking whilst performing a cognitive task.

tDCS application for postural control in Parkinson's disease: Effects are associated with baseline characteristics.

Introduction: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) improves postural response to perturbation in patients with Parkinson's disease (PwPD). However, the influence of baseline characteristics such as clinical/cognitive and postural performance on the response to tDCS remains unclear.

Objective: To investigate whether baseline level of postural control (performance during sham condition) and clinical/cognitive characteristics are associated with tDCS-related changes in postural responses to external perturbations in PwPD.

Assessment of Force Production in Parkinson's Disease Subtypes.

Muscle weakness is a secondary motor symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD), especially in the subtype characterized by postural instability and gait difficulty (PIGD). Since the PIGD subtype also presents worse bradykinesia, we hypothesized that it also shows a decreased rate of force development, which is linked to an increased risk of falling in PD. Therefore, we investigated the effects of PD and PD subtypes on a force production profile and correlated the force production outcomes with clinical symptoms for each PD subtype.

Prefrontal Cortical Activity During Preferred and Fast Walking in Young and Older Adults: An fNIRS Study.

Age-related changes may affect the performance during fast walking speed. Although, several studies have been focused on the contribution of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) during challenging walking tasks, the neural mechanism underling fast walking speed in older people remain poorly understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of aging on PFC activity during overground walking at preferred and fast speeds.

Older Compared With Younger Adults Performed 467 Fewer Sit-to-Stand Trials, Accompanied by Small Changes in Muscle Activation and Voluntary Force.

Repetitive sit-to-stand (rSTS) is a fatigue perturbation model to examine the age-effects on adaptability in posture and gait, yet the age-effects on muscle activation during rSTS are unclear. We examined the effects of age and exhaustive rSTS on muscle activation magnitude, onset, and duration during ascent and descent phases of the STS task. Healthy older ( = 12) and younger ( = 11) adults performed rSTS, at a controlled frequency dictated by a metronome (2 s for cycle), to failure or for 30 min.

Being physically active minimizes the effects of leg muscle fatigue on obstacle negotiation in people with Parkinson's disease.

It is challenging for people with Parkinson's disease (PwPD) to adjust their gait to perturbations, including fatigue. Obstacle negotiation increases the risk of tripping and falling in PD. Being physically active can improve gait control and the ability to negotiate obstacles while walking under fatigue state.

Aerobic Exercise Combined With Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Over the Prefrontal Cortex in Parkinson Disease: Effects on Cortical Activity, Gait, and Cognition.

Background: Since people with Parkinson disease (PD) rely on limited prefrontal executive resources for the control of gait, interventions targeting the prefrontal cortex (PFC) may help in managing PD-related gait impairments. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can be used to modulate PFC excitability and improve prefrontal cognitive functions and gait.

Objective: We investigated the effects of adding anodal tDCS applied over the PFC to a session of aerobic exercise on gait, cognition, and PFC activity while walking in people with PD.

Does the impaired postural control in Parkinson's disease affect the habituation to non-sequential external perturbation trials?

Background: How people with Parkinson's disease habituate their postural response to unpredictable translation perturbation is not totally understood. We compared the capacity to change the postural responses after unexpected external perturbation and investigated the habituation plateaus of postural responses to non-sequential perturbation trials in people with Parkinson's disease and healthy older adults.

Methods: In people with Parkinson's disease (n = 37) and older adults (n = 20), sudden posterior support-surface translational were applied in 7 out of 17 randomized trials to ensure perturbation unpredictability.

Cortical Activity Underlying Gait Improvements Achieved With Dopaminergic Medication During Usual Walking and Obstacle Avoidance in Parkinson Disease.

Background: Dopaminergic medication improves gait in people with Parkinson disease (PD). However, it remains unclear if dopaminergic medication modulates cortical activity while walking.

Objective: We investigated the effects of dopaminergic medication on cortical activity during unobstructed walking and obstacle avoidance in people with PD.

Effects of social anxiety on static and dynamic balance task assessment in older women.

Background: Social anxiety caused by the presence of an evaluator can impair balance performance in older women. However, it is unknown whether co-performing balance tasks with a partner mitigates this effect.

Research Question: Does the presence of a partner mitigate the effect of social anxiety on static and dynamic balance assessment in older women?

Methods: Twenty-one older women (mean age 66.

Center of pressure responses to unpredictable external perturbations indicate low accuracy in predicting fall risk in people with Parkinson's disease.

Falls are associated with impairment in postural control in people with Parkinson's disease (PwPD). We aimed to predict the fall risk through models combining postural responses with clinical and cognitive measures. Also, we compared the center of pressure (CoP) between PwPD fallers and non-fallers after unpredictable external perturbations.

Effect of Different Intensities of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Postural Response to External Perturbation in Patients With Parkinson's Disease.

Background: Habituation of postural response to perturbations is impaired in people with Parkinson's disease (PD) due to deficits in cortico-basal pathways. Although transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) modulate cortico-basal networks, it remains unclear if it can benefit postural control in PD.

Objective: To analyze the effect of different intensities of anodal tDCS on postural responses and prefrontal cortex (PFC) activity during the habituation to the external perturbation in patients with PD (n = 24).

Age-specific modulation of intermuscular beta coherence during gait before and after experimentally induced fatigue.

We examined the effects of age on intermuscular beta-band (15-35 Hz) coherence during treadmill walking before and after experimentally induced fatigue. Older (n = 12) and younger (n = 12) adults walked on a treadmill at 1.2 m/s for 3 min before and after repetitive sit-to-stand, rSTS, to induce muscle fatigability.

Prefrontal Cortex Activity During Walking: Effects of Aging and Associations With Gait and Executive Function.

Background: Declines in gait parameters are common with aging and more pronounced in tasks with increased executive demand. However, the neural correlates of age-related gait impairments are not fully understood yet.

Objectives: To investigate () the effects of aging on prefrontal cortex (PFC) activity and gait parameters during usual walking, obstacle crossing and dual-task walking and () the association between PFC activity and measures of gait and executive function.

Is Cortical Activation During Walking Different Between Parkinson's Disease Motor Subtypes?

Parkinson's disease (PD) is often classified into tremor dominant (TD) and postural instability gait disorder (PIGD) subtypes. Degeneration of subcortical/cortical pathways is different between PD subtypes, which leads to differences in motor behavior. However, the influence of PD subtype on cortical activity during walking remains poorly understood.

Effect of different types of exercises on psychological and cognitive features in people with Parkinson's disease: A randomized controlled trial.

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative and progressive disease marked by the presence of motor and non-motor symptoms, as psychological and cognitive impairment. Physical exercises have been prescribed as complementary therapy for PD, and the type of intervention and duration of the intervention should be taken into account.

Objective: We aimed to compare the effect of different exercise modalities (functional mobility, multimodal and cognitive) and length (4 and 8 months) on psychological and cognition in people with PD.

Transcranial direct current stimulation combined with physical or cognitive training in people with Parkinson's disease: a systematic review.

Background: Pharmacologic therapy is the primary treatment used to manage Parkinson's disease (PD) symptoms. However, it becomes less effective with time and some symptoms do not respond to medication. Complementary interventions are therefore required for PD.

Levodopa Facilitates Prefrontal Cortex Activation During Dual Task Walking in Parkinson Disease.

. Although dopaminergic medication improves dual task walking in people with Parkinson disease (PD), the underlying neural mechanisms are not yet fully understood. As prefrontal cognitive resources are involved in dual task walking, evaluation of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is required.

Biomechanical analysis of sit-to-walk in different Parkinson's disease subtypes.

Background: The Parkinson's disease Postural Instability and Gait Difficulty subtype is well-known to exhibit higher levels of gait and postural instability and higher frequency of falls. However, no studies have investigated the impact of Parkinson's disease subtypes when performing a highly-challenging postural task, such as sit-to-walk. This task is often used daily and can highlight balance impairments.