Associations of Perfluoroalkyl substances with blood lipids and Apolipoproteins in lipoprotein subspecies: the POUNDS-lost study.

Background: The associations of perfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) exposure with blood lipids and lipoproteins are inconsistent, and existing studies did not account for metabolic heterogeneity of lipoprotein subspecies. This study aimed to examine the associations between plasma PFAS concentrations and lipoprotein and apolipoprotein subspecies.

Methods: The study included 326 men and women from the 2-year Prevention of Obesity Using Novel Dietary Strategies (POUNDS) Lost randomized trial.

Perfluoroalkyl substances and changes in body weight and resting metabolic rate in response to weight-loss diets: A prospective study.

Background: The potential endocrine-disrupting effects of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have been demonstrated in animal studies, but whether PFASs may interfere with body weight regulation in humans is largely unknown. This study aimed to examine the associations of PFAS exposure with changes in body weight and resting metabolic rate (RMR) in a diet-induced weight-loss setting.

Methods And Findings: In the 2-year POUNDS Lost randomized clinical trial based in Boston, Massachusetts, and Baton Rouge, Louisiana, that examined the effects of energy-restricted diets on weight changes, baseline plasma concentrations of major PFASs were measured among 621 overweight and obese participants aged 30-70 years.

Ghrelin and peptide YY in postpartum lactating and nonlactating women.

Background: Epidemiologic studies suggest that childbearing is an important contributor to the development of obesity in many women and that breastfeeding may be protective. Ghrelin and peptide YY (PYY) are gut hormones involved in appetite regulation and energy homeostasis and are biological neuroendocrine signals that potentially affect body weight and adiposity.

Objective: This study evaluated whether fasting or postprandial ghrelin or PYY is different between lactating and nonlactating postpartum women matched for age, body weight, and adiposity.

Effect of adipose tissue on the sexual dimorphism in metabolic flexibility.

Metabolic flexibility is the ability to transition between fat oxidation (fasting state) and glucose oxidation (fed state). We hypothesized that adipose tissue inflammation and lipid metabolism contribute to sexual dimorphism in metabolic flexibility. Respiratory quotient (DeltaRQ, metabolic flexibility) and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs) before and during euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp were measured in healthy young women (n = 22) and men (n = 56).

Effect of growth hormone on body composition and visceral adiposity in middle-aged men with visceral obesity.

Rationale: GH replacement in GH-deficient adults results in an improvement in metabolic status. GH might also decrease visceral adiposity in obese adults that are not GH deficient.

Objective: Our objective was to determine the effects of supraphysiological GH therapy on the metabolic syndrome and visceral adiposity in men with low blood levels of IGF-I and the durability of these effects after stopping GH therapy.