Peroxiredoxin 6 (Prx6) of Penaeus vannamei and effect of phenanthrene on Prx6 and glutathione peroxidase 4 expression, glutathione-dependent peroxidase activity and lipid peroxidation.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), such as phenanthrene (PHE), are common pollutants found in coastal areas where shrimp farming is developed. Even though PAHs can have adverse effects on physiology, shrimp can detoxify and metabolize toxic compounds and neutralize the reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced during this process. This requires the activation of multiple antioxidant enzymes, including peroxiredoxin 6 (Prx6).

Naphthalene and phenanthrene affect differentially two glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) expression, GST activity, and glutathione content in white shrimp P. vannamei.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are persistent organic pollutants ubiquitous in coastal ecosystems. The white shrimp Penaeus vannamei naturally inhabits in coastal areas and is cultivated in farms located nearby the oceans. PAHs can damage shrimp health, endanger natural populations, and lower shrimp aquaculture productivity.

Two hexokinases of the shrimp Penaeus (Litopenaeus) vannamei are differentially expressed during oxygen limited conditions.

The white shrimp Penaeus (Litopenaeus) vannamei is the most cultivated shrimp worldwide. Compared to other shrimp species, it has higher resistance to adverse conditions. During hypoxia, the shrimp reduces oxygen consumption and adjusts energy metabolism via anaerobic glycolysis, among other strategies.

An efficient triose phosphate synthesis and distribution in wheat provides tolerance to higher field temperatures.

High temperatures in the field hinder bread wheat high-yield production, mainly because of the adverse effects of heat over photosynthesis. The Yaqui Valley, the main wheat producer region in Mexico, is a zone prone to have temperatures over 30°C. The aim of this work was to test the flag leaf photosynthetic performance in 10 bread wheat genotypes grown under high temperatures in the field.

Responses and modulation of the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei glutathione peroxidases 2 and 4 during hypoxia, reoxygenation and GPx4 knock-down.

Glutathione peroxidases (GPxs) are important antioxidant enzymes that act at distinct levels of the antioxidant defense. In vertebrates, there are several glutathione peroxidase (GPx) isoforms with different cellular and tissue distribution, but little is known about their interrelationships. The shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei is the main crustacean cultivated worldwide.

The pyruvate kinase of the whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei: Gene structure and responses to short term hypoxia.

The shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei is the main farmed crustacean worldwide. This shrimp suffers environmental changes in oxygen availability that affect its energy metabolism. Pyruvate kinase (PK) catalyzes the last reaction of glycolysis and is key for the regulation of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis.

Shrimp Glucose-6-phosphatase 2 (G6Pase 2): a second isoform of G6Pase in the Pacific white shrimp and regulation of G6Pase 1 and 2 isoforms via HIF-1 during hypoxia and reoxygenation in juveniles.

Animals suffer hypoxia when their oxygen consumption is larger than the oxygen available. Hypoxia affects the white shrimp Penaeus (Litopenaeus) vannamei, both in their natural habitat and in cultivation farms. Shrimp regulates some enzymes that participate in energy production pathways as a strategy to survive during hypoxia.

The combination of hypoxia and high temperature affects heat shock, anaerobic metabolism, and pentose phosphate pathway key components responses in the white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei).

Due to global warming, world water bodies have higher temperatures and lower oxygen concentrations that affect aquatic species including the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. This species withstands these conditions, but the information of the physiological responses that allow them to survive are scarce. We analyzed the effects of high temperature, hypoxia, reoxygenation, and the combination of these factors on the relative expression of selected genes: HSF1, Hsp70, p53, TIGAR, HIF-1α, and VEGF1-3 in gills of L.

The bifunctional 6-phosphofructokinase-2/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase from the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei: Molecular characterization and down-regulation of expression in response to severe hypoxia.

Hypoxia is a frequent stressor in marine environments with multiple adverse effects on marine species. The white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei withstands hypoxic conditions by activating anaerobic metabolism with tissue-specific changes in glycolytic and gluconeogenic enzymes. In animal cells, glycolytic/gluconeogenic fluxes are highly controlled by the levels of fructose-2,6-bisphosphate (F-2,6-P), a signal metabolite synthesized and degraded by the bifunctional enzyme 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase (PFK-2/FBPase-2).

Combined hypoxia and high temperature affect differentially the response of antioxidant enzymes, glutathione and hydrogen peroxide in the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei.

Low oxygen concentration in water (hypoxia) and high temperature are becoming more frequent due to climate change, forcing animals to endure stress or decease. Hypoxia and high temperature stress can lead to reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and oxidative damage to the organisms. The shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei is the most cultivated crustacean worldwide.

Cloning, expression, purification and biochemical characterization of recombinant metallothionein from the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei.

Metallothioneins (MTs) are cysteine rich proteins with antioxidant capacity that participate in the homeostasis and detoxification of metals and other cellular processes, and help to counteract the oxidative stress produced by Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). The production of ROS increases during several stress conditions, including metal intoxication and hypoxia (oxygen deficiency). During hypoxia the expression of the MT gene is induced in the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei; however, the MT protein coded by this gene has not been purified nor characterized.

Purification and partial biochemical characterization of recombinant lactate dehydrogenase 1 (LDH-1) of the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei.

Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is a key enzyme to produce energy during hypoxia by anaerobic glycolysis. In the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei, two protein subunits (LDH-1 and LDH-2) were previously identified, deduced from two different transcripts that come from the same LDH gene by processing via mutually exclusive alternative splicing. LDH-1 contains exon five and LDH-2 contains exon six and the two proteins differ only in 15 amino acid residues.

Regulation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase by hypoxia inducible factor 1 in the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei during hypoxia and reoxygenation.

Hypoxia is a frequent source of stress in the estuarine habitat of the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. During hypoxia, L. vannamei gill cells rely more heavily on anaerobic glycolysis to obtain ATP.

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase cytosolic and mitochondrial isoforms are expressed and active during hypoxia in the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei.

Hypoxic zones in marine environments are spreading around the world affecting the survival of many organisms. Marine animals have several strategies to respond to hypoxia, including the regulation of gluconeogenesis. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) is a key regulatory enzyme of gluconeogenesis.

White shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei recombinant lactate dehydrogenase: Biochemical and kinetic characterization.

Shrimp lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is induced in response to environmental hypoxia. Two protein subunits deduced from different transcripts of the LDH gene from the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (LDHvan-1 and LDHvan-2) were identified. These subunits are expressed by alternative splicing.

Role of HIF-1 on phosphofructokinase and fructose 1, 6-bisphosphatase expression during hypoxia in the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei.

HIF-1 is a transcription factor that controls a widespread range of genes in metazoan organisms in response to hypoxia and is composed of α and β subunits. In shrimp, phosphofructokinase (PFK) and fructose bisphosphatase (FBP) are up-regulated in hypoxia. We hypothesized that HIF-1 is involved in the regulation of PFK and FBP genes in shrimp hepatopancreas under hypoxia.