Apical extrusion of debris by manual and mechanical instrumentation.

The aim of the present study was to assess the presence of apically extruded debris and evaluate the influence of canal curvature on the amount of debris produced by manual and mechanical techniques. Forty single-rooted mature teeth with 15 to 30 degree of root canal curvature were selected. The presence of only one foramen was confirmed using a magnifying lens.

Transportation of curved canals instrumented with manual and mechanical techniques.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of manual and mechanical instrumentation techniques in curved root canals using area of dentine removed and canal axis movement as the end-points. Sixty mandibular molars with curved root canals with angulations ranging from 15 degrees to 45 degrees were selected. The teeth were embedded in transparent resin in a grilon key-like muffle using Bramante's procedure.