Optically Transparent Complex-Amplitude Metasurface for Full-Space Manipulation of Frequency-Multiplexed Holographic Imaging.

Restricted by the physical properties of materials, most traditional metasurfaces (MSs) cannot achieve transparent stealth in the visible spectrum. Although some metasurfaces for holography have been designed, there is no standard method for evaluating the advancement of wavefront manipulation under different design algorithms. Here, a complex-amplitude metasurface with optical transparency (OT) and full-space manipulation is presented in the millimeterwave band.

4-bit millimeter-wave Janus metasurface enabled polarization-spatial multiplexing holography.

Metasurface holography has become a surging and revolutionized field due to its flexible manipulation of amplitude and/or phase, which enhances the quality and capacity of holographic images. However, the current meta-holograms primarily focus on half-space manipulation, posing a challenge in developing simplified meta-hologram structures for spatial multiplexing. To address this situation, what we believe to be a novel 4-bit "Janus" metasurface combined with the weighted Gerchberg-Saxton (WGS) algorithm is proposed to record and reconstruct two distinct images in millimeter wave band.

Revealing mitochondrial microenvironmental changes triggered by ferroptosis regulation.

Ferroptosis is a unique form of iron-dependent cell death characterized by dramatic ultrastructural changes in mitochondria. Since mitochondria are intracellular energy factories and binding sites for producing reactive oxygen species, there is increasing evidence that mitochondria are closely related to ferroptosis and play a crucial role in the regulation and execution of ferroptosis. The pH of the mitochondrial microenvironment is an important parameter for cellular physiological activities.

Identification of Molecular Profile of Cell Membrane via Magnetic Plasmonic Nanoprobe.

Cell membranes are primarily composed of lipids, membrane proteins, and carbohydrates, and the related studies of membrane components and structures at different stages of disease development, especially membrane proteins, are of great significance. Here, we investigate the chemical signature profiles of cell membranes as biomarkers for cancer cells via label-free surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). A magnetic plasmonic nanoprobe was proposed by decorating magnetic beads with silver nanoparticles, allowing self-driven cell membrane-targeted accumulation within 5 min.

In-droplet multiplex immunoassays for hypoxia-induced single-cell cytokines.

Cytokine expression is an important biomarker in understanding hypoxia microenvironments in tumor growth and metastasis. In-droplet-based immunoassays performed above the target cell membrane were employed to track the cytokines of single cells with the aid of three types of immuno-nanoprobes (one capture nanoprobe and two reporter nanoprobes). Single cells and nanoprobes were co-packaged in water-in-oil microdroplets (about 100 μm in diameter) using a cross-shaped microfluidic chip.

Mutating alfalfa using multiplex CRISPR/Cas9 leads to reduced lignin deposition and improved forage quality.

Alfalfa ( L.) forage quality is adversely affected by lignin deposition in cell walls at advanced maturity stages. Reducing lignin content through RNA interference or antisense approaches has been shown to improve alfalfa forage quality and digestibility.

Single-Cell Analysis and Classification according to Multiplexed Proteins via Microdroplet-Based Self-Driven Magnetic Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Platforms Assisted with Machine Learning Algorithms.

A microdroplet-based surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (microdroplet SERS) platform was constructed to envelop individual cells in microdroplets, followed by the SERS detection of their extracellular vesicle-proteins (EV-proteins) via the in-drop immunoassays by use of immunomagnetic beads (MBs) and immuno-SERS tags (SERS tags). A unique phenomenon is found that MBs can start a spontaneous reorientation on the probed cell surface based on the electrostatic force-driven interfacial aggregation effect, which leads EV-proteins and SERS tags to be gathered from a liquid phase to a cell membrane interface and significantly improves SERS sensitivity to the single-cell analysis level due to the formation of numbers of SERS hotspots. Three EV-proteins from two breast cancer cell lines were collected and further analyzed by machine learning algorithmic tools, which will be helpful for a deeper understanding of breast cancer subtypes from the view of EV-proteins.

Multiplex CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis of alfalfa FLOWERING LOCUS Ta1 (MsFTa1) leads to delayed flowering time with improved forage biomass yield and quality.

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is a perennial flowering plant in the legume family that is widely cultivated as a forage crop for its high yield, forage quality and related agricultural and economic benefits. Alfalfa is a photoperiod sensitive long-day (LD) plant that can accomplish its vegetative and reproductive phases in a short period of time.

A SERS/fluorescence dual-mode immuno-nanoprobe for investigating two anti-diabetic drugs on EGFR expressions.

A surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)/fluorescence dual-mode nanoprobe was proposed to assess anti-diabetic drug actions from the expression level of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which is a significant biomarker of breast cancers. The nanoprobe has a raspberry shape, prepared by coating a dye-doped silica nanosphere with a mass of SERS tags, which gives high gains in fluorescence imaging and SERS measurement. The in situ detection of EGFR on the cell membrane surfaces after drug actions was achieved by using this nanoprobe, and the detection results agree with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit.

Changes in soil properties and the -harboring bacteria of the alfalfa field in response to phosphite treatment.

Unlabelled: Phosphite, a reduced form of orthophosphate, is characterized by high solubility, and transportation efficiency and can be used as potential phosphorus fertilizer, plant biostimulant and supplemental fertilizer in agriculture. However, the effects of phosphite fertilizer on soil properties and microorganisms are poorly understood. This study evaluated the effects of phosphate and phosphite fertilizers on the different forms of phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and -harboring bacterial community in the alfalfa () field.

Design of Low-RCS Broadband High-Gain Antennas Based on Transmission Array Metasurface.

In this paper, a low-RCS broadband high-gain antenna based on metasurface transmission array is proposed, consisting of two parts: a metasurface transmission array and a feed antenna. When designing the metasurface transmission array, the phase compensation method is used to achieve the beam convergence effect of metasurface in the broadband. By designing the elements and using the checkerboard arrangement, the RCS of the incident wave with fixed polarization can be reduced more than 10 dB at X band or Ku band.

Fluorescent Imaging Probe Targeting Mitochondria Based on Supramolecular Host-Guest Assembly and Disassembly.

Fluorescent dyes and probes play an indispensable role in bioimaging. The mitochondrion is one of the crucial organelles which takes charge of energy production and is the primary site of aerobic respiration in the cell. To illuminate mitochondria, a series of supramolecular fluorescent imaging probes were developed based on the host-guest assembly of 1,4-bis[2-(4-pyridyl)ethenyl]-benzene (BPEB) derivatives and cucurbituril[6] (CB[6]).

Genome-wide identification of growth-regulating factor transcription factor family related to leaf and stem development in alfalfa.

Growth-regulating factors (GRFs) play crucial roles in plant growth and stress response. To date, there have been no reports of the analysis and identification of the GRF transcription factor family in alfalfa. In this study, we identified 27 GRF family members from alfalfa ( L.

Comprehensive transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling reveals the differences between alfalfa sprouts germinated with or without light exposure.

Alfalfa sprouts are among the most nutritionally rich foods, and light exposure is a critical factor in determining their biomass and quality. However, detailed metabolic and molecular differences between yellow and green alfalfa sprouts remain unclear. In this study, comprehensive metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses were integrated to evaluate the nutrient composition of alfalfa sprouts during germination with or without light exposure.

Microfluidic Droplet-SERS Platform for Single-Cell Cytokine Analysis via a Cell Surface Bioconjugation Strategy.

A microfluidic-based surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) platform for analyzing cytokines secreted by single cells is reported based on the elaborate bioconjugation of the immuno-sandwich complex on the probed cell surface. This platform integrates the dual functions of microfluidic droplet separation of single cells and SERS measurement. Two immune nanoprobes (capture probe and SERS probe) are introduced into a microfluidic droplet along with a single cell.

Transcriptome Analysis of Root-Rot-Resistant and -Susceptible Alfalfa ( L.) Plants during Plant-Pathogen Interactions.

Alfalfa ( L.) is a perennial leguminous forage cultivated globally. spp.

Transcriptome Analysis of Leaf Senescence Regulation Under Alkaline Stress in .

In plants, the leaf is an essential photosynthetic organ, and is the primary harvest in forage crops such as alfalfa (). Premature leaf senescence caused by environmental stress can result in significant yield loss and quality reduction. Therefore, the stay-green trait is important for improving the economic value of forage crops.

Single-Cell VEGF Analysis by Fluorescence Imaging-Microfluidic Droplet Platform: An Immunosandwich Strategy on the Cell Surface.

Despite recent advances in single-cell analysis techniques, the ability of single-cell analysis platforms to track specific cells that secreted cytokines remains limited. Here, we report a microfluidic droplet-based fluorescence imaging platform that can analyze single cell-secreted vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), an important regulator of physiological and pathological angiogenesis, to explore cellular physiological clues at the single-cell level. Two kinds of silica nanoparticle (NP)-based immunoprobes were developed, and they were bioconjugated to the membrane proteins of the probed cell surface the bridging of secreted VEGF.

High-quality chromosome-scale de novo assembly of the Paspalum notatum 'Flugge' genome.

Background: Paspalum notatum 'Flugge' is a diploid with 20 chromosomes (2n = 20) multi-purpose subtropical herb native to South America and has a high ecological significance. It is currently widely planted in tropical and subtropical regions. Despite the gene pool of P.

Integrative analysis of the metabolome and transcriptome reveal the phosphate deficiency response pathways of alfalfa.

Understanding the mechanisms underlying the responses to inorganic phosphate (Pi) deficiency in alfalfa will help enhance Pi acquisition efficiency and the sustainable use of phosphorous resources. Integrated global metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses of mid-vegetative alfalfa seedlings under 12-day Pi deficiency were conducted. Limited seedling growth were found, including 13.

Label-Free Analysis of Cell Membrane Proteins via Evanescent Field Excited Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering.

Challenges in studying the structures and functions of cell membrane proteins lie in their lipophilicity, which makes them hard to be stabilized, crystallized, and expressed by . Herein, we propose an evanescent field excited surface-enhanced Raman scattering (EF-SERS) strategy for label-free analysis of membrane proteins . Extracted cell membranes tightly wrapped the metal nanoparticles by an extruder, which ensures the SERS signals of the membrane proteins precisely benefit from the localized surface plasmons (LSPs).

Identification of a gene responsible for seedpod spine formation and other phenotypic alterations using whole-genome sequencing analysis in Medicago truncatula.

In nature, some plant species produce seedpods with spines, which is an adaptive biological trait for protecting the seed and helping seed dispersal. However, the molecular mechanism of spine formation is still unclear. While conducting routine tissue culture and transformation in the model legume Medicago truncatula, we identified a smooth seedpod (ssp1) mutant with a suite of other phenotypic changes.

hydroponics system efficiency for the cuttings of alfalfa ( L.).

The legume plant alfalfa ( L.) is a widely cultivated perennial forage due to its high protein content, palatability, and strong adaptability to diverse agro-ecological zones. Alfalfa is a self-incompatible cross-pollinated autotetraploid species with tetrasomic inheritance.

Southern Blight on Medicago sativa Caused by Sclerotium rolfsii in North China.

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is one of the most important perennial leguminous forages in many countries, known by its high feed value and yield potential. With the increasing demand for feed, alfalfa has been planted all over China.