Effort-reward imbalance among dental and dental hygiene faculty and turnover intention.

Purpose: The impact of effort-reward imbalance (ERI) on the decision to leave academia among dental and dental hygiene faculty in the United States (US) has yet to be explored. This study examined the effect of effort, reward, and overcommitment on turnover intention to leave academia in dental and dental hygiene faculty in the US.

Methods: Cross-sectional survey research design was conducted with a convenience sample of dental hygiene and dental faculty (n = 273) currently teaching in the US.

The neurophysiological effect of mild hypothermia in gyrencephalic brains submitted to ischemic stroke and spreading depolarizations.

Objective: Characterize the neurophysiological effects of mild hypothermia on stroke and spreading depolarizations (SDs) in gyrencephalic brains.

Methods: Left middle cerebral arteries (MCAs) of six hypothermic and six normothermic pigs were permanently occluded (MCAo). Hypothermia began 1 h after MCAo and continued throughout the experiment.

Mild hypothermia reduces spreading depolarizations and infarct size in a swine model.

Spreading depolarizations (SDs) have been linked to infarct volume expansion following ischemic stroke. Therapeutic hypothermia provides a neuroprotective effect after ischemic stroke. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of hypothermia on the propagation of SDs and infarct volume in an ischemic swine model.

Spatial and temporal frequency band changes during infarct induction, infarct progression, and spreading depolarizations in the gyrencephalic brain.

Aim: To describe the spatial and temporal electrocorticographic (ECoG) changes after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo), including those caused by spreading depolarization (SD) in the pig brain.

Methods: The left middle cerebral arteries (MCAs) were clipped in six pigs. The clipping procedure lasted between 8 and 12 min, achieving a permanent occlusion (MCAo).

Eighteen-hour inhibitory effect of s-ketamine on potassium- and ischemia-induced spreading depolarizations in the gyrencephalic swine brain.

Spreading depolarizations (SDs) are characterized by near-complete breakdown of the transmembrane ion gradients, cytotoxic edema, and glutamate release. SDs are associated with poor neurological outcomes in cerebrovascular diseases and brain trauma. Ketamine, a N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist, has shown to inhibit SDs in animal models and in humans.

Pediatric back pain-Diagnostic algorithm.

Background: Back pain in the pediatric population is common. History and a thorough physical examination and a systematic work-up approach are key components to guide the physician in evaluating the possible causes of pain and providing appropriate treatment.

Objective: The main aim of this review was to develop an algorithmic approach to assist physicians in the assessment of pediatric back pain.

Oral Preconditioning of Donors After Brain Death With Calcineurin Inhibitors vs. Inhibitors of Mammalian Target for Rapamycin in Pig Kidney Transplantation.

The systemic inflammatory cascade triggered in donors after brain death enhances the ischemia-reperfusion injury after organ transplantation. Intravenous steroids are routinely used in the intensive care units for the donor preconditioning. Immunosuppressive medications could be potentially used for this purpose as well.

Mid-term to long-term results of primary arthroscopic Bankart repair for traumatic anterior shoulder instability: a retrospective study.

Background: The arthroscopic method offers a less invasive technique of Bankart repair for traumatic anterior shoulder instability. The aim of the study is to determine the mid-/long-term functional outcome, failure rates and predictors of failure after primary arthroscopic Bankart repair for traumatic anterior shoulder instability.

Methods: A total of 100 patients were primarily operated using arthroscopic Bankart repair after traumatic anterior shoulder instability.

Detection of spreading depolarizations in a middle cerebral artery occlusion model in swine.

Background: The main objective of this study was to generate a hemodynamically stable swine model to detect spreading depolarizations (SDs) using electrocorticography (ECoG) and intrinsic optical signal (IOS) imaging and laser speckle flowmetry (LSF) after a 30-h middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion (MCAo) in German Landrace Swine.

Methods: A total of 21 swine were used. The study comprised a training group (group 1, n = 7), a group that underwent bilateral craniectomy and MCAo (group 2, n = 10) and a group used for 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium (TTC) staining (group 3, n = 5).

Lasting s-ketamine block of spreading depolarizations in subarachnoid hemorrhage: a retrospective cohort study.

Objective: Spreading depolarizations (SD) are characterized by breakdown of transmembrane ion gradients and excitotoxicity. Experimentally, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonists block a majority of SDs. In many hospitals, the NMDAR antagonist s-ketamine and the GABA agonist midazolam represent the current second-line combination treatment to sedate patients with devastating cerebral injuries.

Erratum to: Magnetically controlled growing rods for rigid scoliosis : An alternative to halo-gravity traction in preparing for definitive correction?

Erratum to: Orthopäde 2018 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00132-018-3631-7 Dear Reader,Unfortunately, an incorrect subtitle was published in the online version of the article.

Magnetically controlled growing rods for rigid scoliosis : An alternative to halo-gravity traction in preparing for definitive correction?

The treatment concept for severe rigid idiopathic scoliosis is a short-term application of halo-gravity traction to enable maximum correction and subsequent dorsal fusion. The method has already been mentioned in the literature as an effective procedure. This case report demonstrates the use of a new treatment concept using magnetically controlled distraction rods as a possible alternative to the halo-gravity traction device.

[Risk factors for the development of rotator cuff tears in individuals with paraplegia : A cross-sectional study].

Question: Shoulder pain and rotator cuff tears are highly prevalent among wheelchair dependent individuals with paraplegia. The purpose of this study was to identify potential risk factors associated with the development of rotator cuff tears in this population.

Methods: A total of 217 wheelchair dependent individuals with paraplegia were included in this cross-sectional study (level of evidence III).

Impact of spine alignment on the rotator cuff in long-term wheelchair users.

Background: We investigated the impact of poor seated posture on the prevalence of rotator cuff tears (RCTs) among wheelchair-dependent individuals with long-standing paraplegia.

Methods: The study included 319 patients. Lateral radiographs of the spine were collected from a database and analyzed to assess the global spinopelvic alignment (SPA).

Prevalence of upper extremity pain in a population of people with paraplegia.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence, patterns, and predictors of musculoskeletal pain in the upper extremity joints among wheelchair-dependent individuals with post-traumatic paraplegia. Secondarily, to document most common reported causes of upper extremity pain.

Large field-of-view movement-compensated intrinsic optical signal imaging for the characterization of the haemodynamic response to spreading depolarizations in large gyrencephalic brains.

Haemodynamic responses to spreading depolarizations (SDs) have an important role during the development of secondary brain damage. Characterization of the haemodynamic responses in larger brains, however, is difficult due to movement artefacts. Intrinsic optical signal (IOS) imaging, laser speckle flowmetry (LSF) and electrocorticography were performed in different configurations in three groups of in total 18 swine.

Perihemorrhagic ischemia occurs in a volume-dependent manner as assessed by multimodal cerebral monitoring in a porcine model of intracerebral hemorrhage.

Background: Changes in the perihemorrhagic zone (PHZ) of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) are variable. Different mechanisms contribute to secondary neuronal injury after ICH. This multimodal monitoring study investigated early changes in the PHZ of ICH.

Decompressive craniectomy in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a single-center matched-pair analysis.

Background: The role of decompressive craniectomy (DC) in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) patients is still controversial. In this study we evaluated the effect of DC for aSAH patients.

Methods: A matched-pair analysis was performed to compare the outcomes of patients with DC to those of patients without DC.

Cortical spreading depression dynamics can be studied using intrinsic optical signal imaging in gyrencephalic animal cortex.

Objective: The aim of this study was to co-record electrical changes using electrocorticography (ECoG) and blood volume changes using intrinsic optical signal (IOS) imaging during the induction, propagation, and termination of cortical spreading depolarizations (CSDs).

Methods: Anesthetized male swine were craniotomized and monitored over 16-20 h. A ten-contact electrode strip was placed on the cortex of one hemisphere for ECoG.

Evidence of spreading depolarizations in a porcine cortical intracerebral hemorrhage model.

Objectives: To evaluate whether cortical spreading depolarizations (CSD) occur in the early stage after cortical intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).

Methods: Ten anesthetized male swine were examined over 19 h. Two cerebral probes were inserted around the ICH (microdialysis and thermodiffusion cerebral blood flow), ICP was monitored contralaterally and up to two electrocorticographic grid electrodes were positioned over the hemisphere after hemicraniectomy and dural opening.

Pressure reactivity index correlates with metabolic dysfunction in a porcine model of intracerebral hemorrhage.

Objective: We correlated oxygen, flow, and pressure indices of cerebrovascular reactivity (CR) with extracellular cerebral metabolite concentrations in a porcine model of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).

Methods: Continuous advanced multimodal monitoring including microdialysis, cerebral blood flow and P(br)O(2) probes were placed 1 cm in front of the coronal suture in the grey/white matter junction. Following a period of 1 h of monitoring, an autologous arterial ICH with defined volumes (3 mL) was induced.

Intracranial pressure telemetry: first experience of an experimental in vivo study using a new device.

Objective: To test two new telemetric intracranial pressure (ICP) probes (NEUROVENT(®)-P-tel, NEUROVENT(®)-S-tel) in a porcine model. We aimed to intraoperatively correlate the telemetric probes to parenchymal ICP probes and study their reliability in the first hours after implantation. The experimental set-up, new telemetric technology and first data will be presented.

Low-frequency sampling for PRx calculation does not reduce prognostication and produces similar CPPopt in intracerebral haemorrhage patients.

Background: The cerebral pressure reactivity index (PRx) correlates with the outcome in intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) patients and has been used to define an autoregulation-oriented "optimal cerebral perfusion pressure" (CPPopt). PRx has been calculated as a moving correlation coefficient between mean arterial pressure (MAP) and intracranial pressure (ICP) averaged over 5-10 s, using a 2.5- to 5-min moving time window, in order to reflect changes in MAP and ICP within a time frame of 20 s to 2 min.

Multiparametric characterisation of the perihemorrhagic zone in a porcine model of lobar ICH.

Objectives: To describe early perihemorrhagic changes after lobar intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) using multiparametric neuromonitoring [intracranial pressure (ICP), cerebral blood flow (CBF), tissue oxygenation (PbrO2), microdialysis (MD)].

Methods: Seven anaesthetized male swine were examined over 12 h. Four cerebral probes were inserted around the ICH (ICP, MD, CBF and PbrO2).