Chylothorax associated with sarcoidosis: a review of the literature.

Objective: To review the medical literature regarding chylothorax associated with sarcoidosis.

Methods: A literature review of all reported cases of sarcoidosis-associated chylothorax, we included a novel case report to the analysis.

Results: Of sixteen cases included in the study, 10 were women (62.

MiR-608 overexpression in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).

Background: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic progressive disease that causes scarring of the lungs. The disease is associated with the usual interstitial pneumonia pattern, which was not yet fully recapitulated by an animal model. Therefore, the disease is considered 'human specific'.

Clinical and Radiological Characteristics of Patients Diagnosed with Spontaneous Pneumothorax: Treatment Options and Clinical Outcomes. A Retrospective Analysis 2004 to 2017.

Background: Primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) tends to occur in young adults without underlying lung diseases and is usually followed by limited symptoms, while secondary spontaneous pneumothorax (SSP) is a complication of a pre-existing lung disease. Surprisingly, for such common conditions, there is a considerable inconsistency regarding management guidelines.

Objectives: To evaluate the risk factors for spontaneous pneumothoraxes and to summarize outcomes and complications based on our clinical experience.

The Profile of COPD Patients with Prolonged Hospitalizations: A Retrospective Analysis of 200 Hospital Admissions.

Background: Patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) experience frequent exacerbations and need to be hospitalized, resulting in an economic and social burden. Although data exist regarding reasons of frequent hospitalizations, there is no data available about the impact on the length of stay (LOS).

Objectives: To characterize the causes of prolonged hospitalizations in COPD patients.

Integrin alpha-5 silencing leads to myofibroblastic differentiation in IPF-derived human lung fibroblasts.

Background And Objective: The term 'fibroblast' covers a heterogeneous cell population in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). The fibroblasts are considered as main effector cells, because they promote disease progression by releasing exaggerated amounts of extracellular matrix proteins and modifying cell microenvironment. As IPF-derived human lung fibroblasts (IPF-HLFs) were shown to express higher levels of integrin alpha-5 (ITGA5) than normal derived HLFs (N-HLFs), we explored the importance of ITGA5 to IPF progression.

Computed Tomography Angiography Findings in Pulmonary Embolism Patients Vary Following Thrombolytic Treatment.

Background: Pulmonary embolism (PE) is the third most frequently occurring cardiovascular disease. However, the clinical presentation in patients with PE is variable.

Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence of radiological findings detected in contrast-enhanced computed tomography angiography (CTA) and their significance in patients with PE; and to assess whether the CTA findings differed in patients receiving tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) therapy from those who did not.

Peripheral blood telomere alterations in ground glass opacity (GGO) lesions may suggest malignancy.

A ground glass opacity (GGO) lung lesion may represent early stage adenocarcinoma, which has an excellent prognosis upon prompt surgical resection. However, GGO lesions have broad differential diagnoses, including both benign and malignant lesions. Our objective was to study telomere length and telomerase activity in patients with suspected lung cancer in which GGO was the predominant radiographic feature.

Inhaled Tranexamic Acid for Hemoptysis Treatment: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Tranexamic acid (TA) is an antifibrinolytic drug currently used systemically to control bleeding. To date, there have been no prospective studies of the effectiveness of inhaled TA for the treatment of hemoptysis.

Objectives: The goal of this study was to prospectively assess the effectiveness of TA inhalations (ie, nebulized TA) for hemoptysis treatment.

Rheumatological Assessment Is Important for Interstitial Lung Disease Diagnosis.

Objective: Interstitial lung diseases (ILD) form a diverse group of parenchymal lung disorders. Currently, a multidisciplinary team (MDT) including pulmonologists, radiologists, and pathologists is the gold standard for ILD diagnosis. Recently, additional subtypes of connective tissue disease (CTD)-ILD with autoimmune features were defined, making the rheumatological assessment increasingly important.

The role of bacterial culture by bronchoscopy in patients with lung cancer: a prospective study.

Background: Patients with lung cancer undergoing surgical and medical treatment are at increased risk for pulmonary complications. The importance of routine bronchoscopy procedure in populations with lung cancer has rarely been defined. We aimed to determine the growth of potentially pathogenic microorganisms (PPM) among patients evaluated by bronchoscopy for lung cancer.

Fibroblast paracrine TNF-α signaling elevates integrin A5 expression in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).

Background: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive lung disease with a poor prognosis. Inflammatory cytokines play a significant role in IPF pathology. However, the fibroblast itself is also believed to be the primary effector in IPF.

Sarcoidosis in Israel: Clinical Outcome Status, Organ Involvement, and Long-Term Follow-Up.

Purpose: Sarcoidosis is a chronic granulomatous inflammatory disease of unknown etiology with heterogeneous outcomes. This study reviewed the clinical outcome status (COS) and organ involvement of Israeli sarcoidosis patients during a five-year period. Further, we compared our results to the 'World Association of Sarcoidosis and Other Granulomatous Disease' (WASOG) COS and the 'A Case Control Etiologic Study of Sarcoidosis' (ACCESS) instruments in order to evaluate their relevance to the Israeli population.

Nintedanib (BIBF 1120) blocks the tumor promoting signals of lung fibroblast soluble microenvironment.

Rationale: Nintedanib is a potent, triple angiokinase inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, and platelet-derived growth factor, and has been recently approved for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), following first-line chemotherapy. It is well established that microenvironment plays an important role in tumor progression. Therefore, targeting tumor microenvironment-cancer cell interaction may provide a significant therapeutic target.

McCune-Albright syndrome in a discordant monozygotic twin.

Background: McCune-Albright syndrome is a sporadic disorder characterized by polystotic fibrous dysplasia, pigmented patches of skin, and endocrinological abnormalities.

Objectives: To compare the genetic characteristics of the GNAS1 gene in a monozygotic pair of twins, one of whom was diagnosed with MAS while the other had no indication of the syndrome.

Methods: We performed a molecular analysis of the GNAS1 gene in DNA extracted from peripheral blood cells and quantification of mRNA extracted from lymphoblastoid cells from both twins by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.