Concomitant vesicoureteral reflux and gastroesophageal reflux: an analytic cross-sectional study.

Purpose: Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) and Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) are both common disorders in children and could be associated with significant morbidities. Although they appear to be separate entities, their natural history and underlying pathophysiology are the same and they both tend to resolve over time. We aimed to appraise their concurrent occurrence and prevalence of GER in VUR patients to understand whether they can be considered different manifestations of a syndrome mainly caused by developmental delay resulting in dysfunction of the sphincters.

Retrusive chin reconstruction after burn injuries using submental and labiomental fat flaps: an innovative method.

Objective: A simple method has been introduced for augmentation and restoration of normal chin protrusion as an important element of facial contour in patients suffering from severe skin retraction and scar resulting from head and neck area burns.

Patients And Methods: For releasing skin retraction and compression of the mental area subcutaneous fat tissues, under general anesthesia, 2 incisions were made in the submental and labiomental areas, each about 3 to 5 cm. After dissection of the superior portions of labiomental and inferior pedicle of submental fat pads, turning over and attaching them together, the skin over the area was reconstructed as needed.

Unacceptable results with an accepted soft tissue filler: polyacrylamide hydrogel.

Background: Polyacrylamide hydrogel, considered a safe and biocompatible soft tissue filler, is widely used in cosmetic procedures. Its use for facial contouring and breast augmentation in Iran has increased dramatically in recent years. Most patients and many doctors are unaware of possible and reported adverse effects related to its administration.