Conventional and modern markers of pregnancy of unknown location: Update and narrative review.

Pregnancy of unknown location (PUL) is a temporary pathologic or physiologic phenomenon of early pregnancy that requires follow up to determine the final pregnancy outcome. Evidence indicated that PUL patients suffer a remarkably higher rate of adverse pregnancy outcomes, represented by ectopic gestation and early pregnancy loss, than the general population. In the past few decades, discussion about PUL has never stopped, and a variety of markers have been widely investigated for the early and accurate evaluation of PUL, including serum biomarkers, ultrasound imaging features, multivariate analysis, and the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy based on risk stratification.

Interdisciplinary Collaboration Opportunities, Challenges, and Solutions for Artificial Intelligence in Ultrasound.

Ultrasound is one of the most widely utilized imaging tools in clinical practice with the advantages of noninvasive nature and ease of use. However, ultrasound examinations have low reproducibility and considerable heterogeneity due to the variability of operators, scanners, and patients. Artificial Intelligence (AI)-assisted ultrasound has advanced in recent years, bringing it closer to routine clinical use.