Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Release Secondary to Ectopic Olfactory Neuroblastoma: Case Report and Review of Literature.

Ectopic olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB) is a rare neuroendocrine sinonasal malignancy which arises from sinonasal regions where olfactory neuroepithelium does not exist. Presentation of syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone release (SIADH) in patients with ectopic ONB is extremely rare. We report a case of a 22-year-old patient with ectopic ONB and paraneoplastic SIADH that was managed at our center.

Management of rectal neuroendocrine tumours by transanal endoscopic microsurgery.

Aim: The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of transanal endoscopic microsurgery for rectal neuroendocrine tumours.

Method: A retrospective cohort study of all pathology-confirmed rectal neuroendocrine tumours treated by transanal endoscopic microsurgery from April 2007 to December 2020 at a tertiary care centre was performed. Demographic, clinical, radiographic and pathological data were collected.

Identification of a Subset of Stage I Colorectal Cancer Patients With High Recurrence Risk.

Background: A challenge in early-stage colorectal cancer (CRC) is identifying biomarkers that predict an increased risk for recurrence. A potential clinically adaptable biomarker is focal adhesion kinase (FAK), a tyrosine kinase that promotes invasion and metastasis.

Methods: An initial, single-institution, 298-patient cohort with all stages of CRC and long-term follow-up was assessed for FAK with tissue microarrays using immunohistochemistry.

Topography, morphology, and etiology of lymphocytic gastritis: a single institution experience.

Lymphocytic gastritis (LG) is an uncommon reaction pattern of gastric injury characterized by intraepithelial lymphocytosis of the surface foveolar epithelium and chronic inflammation in the lamina propria. It most commonly occurs in association with gluten-sensitive enteropathy, Helicobacter pylori gastritis, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and microscopic colitis. While the topography of LG has been described in gluten-sensitive enteropathy and H.

Colorectal carcinoma with double somatic mismatch repair gene inactivation: clinical and pathological characteristics and response to immune checkpoint blockade.

Double somatic mismatch-repair-gene mutation/alteration is a recently recognized molecular mechanism that underlies microsatellite instability-high in some colorectal carcinomas. It remains to be determined whether and how microsatellite instability-high tumors with this molecular defect differ from their counterparts caused by other mechanisms, specifically, Lynch syndrome-associated and MLH1-promoter hypermethylated. In this study, we evaluated the clinical and pathological characteristics of a series of 15 double somatic mutation/alteration-associated microsatellite instability-high colorectal carcinomas identified from our genetics service and 68 such cases reported in the literature.

SMAD4 Loss in Colorectal Cancer Patients Correlates with Recurrence, Loss of Immune Infiltrate, and Chemoresistance.

Purpose: SMAD4 has shown promise in identifying patients with colorectal cancer at high risk of recurrence or death. A discovery cohort and independent validation cohort were classified by SMAD4 status. SMAD4 status and immune infiltrate measurements were tested for association with recurrence-free survival (RFS).

Poorly Differentiated Clusters Predict Colon Cancer Recurrence: An In-Depth Comparative Analysis of Invasive-Front Prognostic Markers.

This study aimed to compare common histologic markers at the invasive front of colon adenocarcinoma in terms of prognostic accuracy and interobserver agreement. Consecutive patients who underwent curative resection for stages I to III colon adenocarcinoma at a single institution in 2007 to 2014 were identified. Poorly differentiated clusters (PDCs), tumor budding, perineural invasion, desmoplastic reaction, and Crohn-like lymphoid reaction at the invasive front, as well as the World Health Organization (WHO) grade of the entire tumor, were analyzed.

Diagnostic value of histone 3 mutations in osteoclast-rich bone tumors.

Differentiating osteoclast-rich lesions of bone (giant cell tumor of bone [GCTB], chondroblastoma [CBA], and aneurysmal bone cyst [ABC]) can be challenging, especially in small biopsies or fine-needle aspirations. Mutations affecting codons 34 and 36 of either H3 Histone Family Member 3A (H3F3A) and/or 3B (H3F3B) are characteristically seen in GCTB and CBAs. We devised a simple assay to identify these mutations and evaluated its applicability for routine clinical diagnosis.

Prevalence and Anatomic Distribution of Serrated and Adenomatous Lesions in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

. Sessile serrated adenomas/polyps (SSA/Ps) and traditional serrated adenomas (TSAs) have not been well characterized in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This study assesses the prevalence and anatomic distribution of SSA/Ps, TSAs, and conventional adenomas/dysplasia (Ad/Ds) in IBD patients.

Diagnosing colorectal medullary carcinoma: interobserver variability and clinicopathological implications.

Colorectal medullary carcinoma, recognized by the World Health Organization as a distinct histologic subtype, is commonly regarded as a specific entity with an improved prognosis and unique molecular pathogenesis. A fundamental but as yet unaddressed question, however, is whether it can be diagnosed reproducibly. In this study, by analyzing 80 colorectal adenocarcinomas whose dominant growth pattern was solid (thus encompassing medullary carcinoma and its mimics), we provided a detailed description of the morphological spectrum from "classic medullary histology" to nonmedullary poorly differentiated histologies and demonstrated significant overlapping between categories.

Patterns and prognostic relevance of PD-1 and PD-L1 expression in colorectal carcinoma.

Immune checkpoint blockade targeting the programmed death-1 (PD-1) pathway has shown efficacy in several types of cancers including mismatch-repair-deficient colorectal carcinoma. In some tumor types, programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression detected by immunohistochemistry has shown utility as a predictive marker for response to anti-PD-1 therapies. This utility, however, remains to be determined in colorectal carcinoma.

ARID1A expression in early stage colorectal adenocarcinoma: an exploration of its prognostic significance.

ARID1A is a chromatin remodeling gene that is mutated in a number of cancers including colorectal carcinoma (CRC). Loss of ARID1A has been associated with an adverse outcome in some types of cancer. However, literature data have not been consistent.

Association Between Phosphorylated Histone H3 and Oncotype DX Recurrence Scores in Breast Cancer.

We investigate the association between phosphorylated histone H3 (PhH3) and Oncotype DX recurrence score (RS). All invasive breast carcinoma with RS results from our city between 2007 and 2010 (n=47) were reviewed. Whole-tumor sections were stained for PhH3.

Performance of the CellaVision(®) DM96 system for detecting red blood cell morphologic abnormalities.

Background: Red blood cell (RBC) analysis is a key feature in the evaluation of hematological disorders. The gold standard light microscopy technique has high sensitivity, but is a relativity time-consuming and labor intensive procedure. This study tested the sensitivity and specificity of gold standard light microscopy manual differential to the CellaVision(®) DM96 (CCS; CellaVision, Lund, Sweden) automated image analysis system, which takes digital images of samples at high magnification and compares these images with an artificial neural network based on a database of cells and preclassified according to RBC morphology.

Digital differentiation of non-small cell carcinomas of the lung by the fractal dimension of their epithelial architecture.

Introduction: In recent years, differences have emerged in the treatment of squamous and non-squamous non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLCs). This highlights the importance of accurate histopathologic classification. However, there remains inter-observer disagreement when making diagnoses based on histology.

Current breast cancer proliferative markers correlate variably based on decoupled duration of cell cycle phases.

Mitotic count, PhH3, and MIB-1 are used as measures of the proportion of proliferating malignant cells in surgical pathology. They highlight different stages of the cell cycle, but little is known about how this affects their counts. This study assesses the strength of their correlations and attempts to determine the relationship between them.

Solitary lesions with fibrosis and increased IgG4+ plasma cells: part of the expanding spectrum of IgG4-related disease or a nonspecific inflammatory response?

We assessed 6 cases acquired during routine surgical sign-out for IgG4-related disease (IRD) according to criteria from a recent consensus meeting. These cases fulfilled the morphologic criteria-that is, dense lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates, IgG4:IgG ratio greater than or equal to 0.4, and fibrosis (storiform in 4 cases-but were associated with malignancy or did not fulfill the criteria for a new site.

Performance of CellaVision DM96 in leukocyte classification.

Background: Leukocyte differentials are an important component of clinical care. Morphologic assessment of peripheral blood smears (PBS) may be required to accurately classify leukocytes. However, manual microscopy is labor intensive.

Two-photon Lee-Goldburg nuclear magnetic resonance: Simultaneous homonuclear decoupling and signal acquisition.

We present NMR signals from a strongly coupled homonuclear spin system, (1)H nuclei in adamantane, acquired with simultaneous two-photon excitation under conditions of the Lee-Goldburg experiment. Small coils, having inside diameters of 0.36 mm, are used to achieve two-photon nutation frequencies of approximately 20 kHz.