Chemical profiling of principle active and toxic constituents in herbs containing aristolochic acids.

Objective: To clear the amounts of the principal active/toxic components in herbs containing aristolochic acids (HCAAs), which are still used as medicine and/or seasoning in many ethnic minority areas of China.

Methods: In this study, six major active and toxic components in HCAAs were extracted with ultrasonic extraction. With 6--methyl guanosine as internal standard, the target compounds were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) with multiple reaction monitoring-information dependent acquisition-enhanced production ion scanning mode (MRM-IDA-EPI) combined with dynamic background subtraction (DBS) function.

Low-temperature CO preferential oxidation in H-rich stream over Indium modified Pd-Cu/AlO catalyst.

The impact of Indium (In) doping upon the catalytic performance of Pd-Cu/AlO for carbon monoxide preferential oxidation (CO-PROX) in hydrogen (H) rich atmosphere at low temperature has been studied. A series of catalysts with extremely low palladium (Pd) loading (0.06 wt%) are synthesized by the facile co-impregnation method.

Nuciferine improves cardiac function in mice subjected to myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by upregulating PPAR-γ.

Ischemic heart disease and myocardial infarction contribute to the leading cause of death in worldwide. The prevention and management of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is an essential part of coronary heart disease surgery and is becoming a major clinical problem in the treatment of ischemic heart disease. Nuciferine has potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidative stress effects, but its role in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) is unclear.

Protopanaxadiol manipulates gut microbiota to promote bone marrow hematopoiesis and enhance immunity in cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression mice.

Protopanaxadiol (PPD) has potential immunomodulatory effects, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we explored the potential roles of gut microbiota in the immunity regulation mechanisms of PPD using a cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced immunosuppression mouse model. Our results showed that a medium dose of PPD (PPD-M, 50 mg/kg) effectively ameliorated the immunosuppression induced by CTX treatment by promoting bone marrow hematopoiesis, increasing the number of splenic T lymphocytes and regulating the secretion of serum immunoglobulins and cytokines.

Newly Isolated sp. nov., a Novel Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria Strain From High-Altitude Spruce Forests in the Qilian Mountains, China.

Species in the genus from special habitats have attracted great attention due to their plant growth-promoting traits. A novel plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) species in the genus was isolated from spruce forest at the height of 3,150 m in the Qilian Mountains, Gansu province, China. The phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA, , and gene sequences demonstrated that strain LC-T2 was affiliated in the genus and exhibited the highest sequence similarity with KCTC 13049 (97.

Risk factors for mortality in patients undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy after cardiac surgery.

Background: To investigate the risk factors for mortality in patients with acute kidney injury requiring continuous renal replacement therapy (AKI-CRRT) after cardiac surgery.

Methods: In this retrospective study, patients who underwent AKI-CRRT after cardiac surgery in our centre from January 2015 to January 2020 were included. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to identify the risk factors for in-hospital mortality.

[Effects and mechanisms of Supplemented Gegen Qinlian Decoction Formula against podocyte pyroptosis and insulin resistance in model rats with diabetic kidney disease].

This study explored the in vivo effects and mechanisms of the modern classical prescription Supplemented Gegen Qinlian Decoction Formula(SGDF) against diabetic kidney disease(DKD). Sixty rats were randomly divided into the normal group, model group, SGDF group, and rosiglitazone(ROS) group. The modified DKD rat model was established by employing the following three methods: exposure to high-fat diet, unilateral nephrectomy, and intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin(STZ).

Quercetin hinders microglial activation to alleviate neurotoxicity via the interplay between NLRP3 inflammasome and mitophagy.

Activated microglia are an important type of innate immune cell in the brain, and they secrete inflammatory cytokines into the extracellular milieu, exert neurotoxicity to surrounding neurons and are involved in the pathogenesis of many brain disorders. Quercetin (Qu), a natural flavonoid, is known to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Previous studies have shown that both increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) stress and decreased autophagy participate in the activation of microglial.

In Situ Fabrication of a Uniform Co-MOF Shell Coordinated with CoNiO to Enhance the Energy Storage Capability of NiCo-LDH via Vapor-Phase Growth.

NiCo-layered double hydroxide (LDH) has attracted increasing attention in recent years for application in supercapacitors (SCs) owing to its high redox activity and intercalating capability. However, the pristine NiCo-LDH is unable to reach theoretical specific capacitance and satisfying rate capability due to the limited electroactive species and a low ion diffusion rate. Here, we demonstrate novel vertically aligned nanosheet arrays of cobalt metal-organic framework (Co-MOF)@CoNiO core-shell composites constructed by the in situ grown Co-MOF shell with a uniform and controlled thickness on the CoNiO core via a vapor-phase approach.

Cobalt/Nickel Ions-Assisted Synthesis of Laminated CuO Nanospheres Based on Cu(OH) Nanorod Arrays for High-Performance Supercapacitors.

The development for environmentally friendly energy conversion and storage equipment has given rise to tremendous research efforts as a result of the growing requirements for environmental friendly resources and the rapid consumption of traditional fossil fuel. Herein, a novel hierarchical CoO/NiO-Cu@CuO heterostructure is successfully devised and synthesized. Cobalt/nickel ions are used to generate novel CoO/NiO-doped laminated CuO nanospheres through the facile in situ wet oxidation combined with cation exchange and calcination strategies.

Improving the rate capability of ultrathin NiCo-LDH nanoflakes and FeOOH nanosheets on surface electrochemically modified graphite fibers for flexible asymmetric supercapacitors.

A fiber asymmetric supercapacitor system is designed with NiCo-LDH nanoflakes and FeOOH nanosheets anchored on electrochemically activated graphite fibers as positive electrode and negative electrode, respectively. Due to the formation of COMetal bonding, the oxygen-functionalized carbon on electrochemically activated graphite fibers can bind strongly with NiCo-LDH and FeOOH, which assists in establishing the fast electron transfer routes and fluent ion transport avenues. Both NiCo-LDH and FeOOH anchored on electrochemically activated graphite fibers display a high rate performance, 80% and 87.

S‑allyl‑cysteine sulfoxide (alliin) alleviates myocardial infarction by modulating cardiomyocyte necroptosis and autophagy.

S‑allyl‑cysteine sulfoxide (alliin) is the main organosulfur component of garlic and its preparations. The present study aimed to examine the protective effect of alliin on cardiac function and the underlying mechanism in a mouse model of myocardial infarction (MI). Notably, alliin treatment preserved heart function, attenuated the area of infarction in the myocardium of mice and reduced lesions in the myocardium, including cardiomyocyte fibrosis and death.

Electrochemical synthesis of NiCo layered double hydroxide nanosheets decorated on moderately oxidized graphene films for energy storage.

The introduction of oxygenous functional groups onto graphene can provide additional pseudocapacitance for supercapacitors. However, how to balance the amount of introduced oxygenous functional groups and the reduced electrical conductivity arising from the disruption of the conjugated system remains a big challenge. Here, a controllable strategy is reported to prepare moderately oxidized reduced graphene oxide (MORGO) via an electrochemical oxidation process.

Boosting Electrochemistry of Manganese Oxide Nanosheets by Ostwald Ripening during Reduction for Fiber Electrochemical Energy Storage Device.

The poor electronic conductivity of MnO severely limits the practical application as high-performance electrode materials for faradaic pseudocapacitors. Herein, a facile vapor reduction method is demonstrated for the treatment of MnO with hydrazine hydrate (HH) to improve the electronic conductivity. The HH vapor treatment without annealing process not only introduces oxygen vacancies to form oxygen-deficient MnO , but also leads to obvious structural transformation from highly aggregated and poorly crystallized MnO nanorobs and nanoparticles into uniformly orientated and highly crystallized MnO nanosheets via the Ostwald ripening process.

Distribution of DNA adducts and corresponding tissue damage of Sprague-Dawley rats with percutaneous exposure to sulfur mustard.

Sulfur mustard (SM) is a highly reactive alkylation vesicant and cytotoxic agent that has been recognized as an animal and human carcinogen. Although the exact mechanism of toxicology is vague, DNA alkylation seems to be responsible for the triggering of apoptosis. In this study, after male adult Sprague-Dawley rats were cutaneous exposed to a low concentration of SM at parts-per-million levels, their lungs, livers, pancreases, spleens, marrow, and brains were collected at 11 different time points and analyzed.

Four sulfur mustard exposure cases: Overall analysis of four types of biomarkers in clinical samples provides positive implication for early diagnosis and treatment monitoring.

In one event, Chinese male individuals accidentally exposed to unknown chemicals and emerged erythema or blisters on contacted organism derma, then hospitalized. To identify the causative agents, blood, urine and exudate samples were collected from the patients during the therapeutic course. Five established liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and gas chromatography (GC)-MS methods were employed to analyze the samples.

Simultaneous determination of four sulfur mustard-DNA adducts in rabbit urine after dermal exposure by isotope-dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

Sulfur mustard (SM) is a classic vesicant agent, which has been greatly employed in several wars or military conflicts. The most lesion mechanism is its strong alkylation of DNAs in vivo. Until now there are four specific DNA adducts of SM identified for further retrospective detection, i.

Abundance of four sulfur mustard-DNA adducts ex vivo and in vivo revealed by simultaneous quantification in stable isotope dilution-ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

Sulfur mustard (SM) is a highly reactive alkylating vesicant and causes blisters upon contact with skin, eyes, and respiratory organs. It covalently links with DNAs by forming four mono- or cross-link adducts. In this article, the reference standards of SM-DNA adducts and deuterated analogues were first synthesized with simplified procedures containing only one or two steps and using less toxic chemical 2-(2-chloroethylthio)ethanol or nontoxic chemical thiodiglycol as starting materials.

Contrasting dose-effects of multi-glycoside of Tripterygium wilfordii HOOK. f. on glomerular inflammation and hepatic damage in two types of anti-Thy1.1 glomerulonephritis.

Multi-glycoside, one of the extracted compounds from Tripterygium wilfordii HOOK. f. (GTW), has been shown to be clinically effective in suppressing glomerular inflammation in chronic kidney disease.

Sodium chloride improves photosynthesis and water status in the succulent xerophyte Zygophyllum xanthoxylum.

Zygophyllum xanthoxylum, a C(3) woody species, is a succulent xerophyte that is well adapted to arid environments. Our previous investigations showed that Na(+) has a positive effect on the growth of Z. xanthoxylum under drought conditions, which was closely related to high Na(+) accumulation in leaves.

[Biomonitoring method of dermal exposure to sulfur mustard based on DNA adduct in lung of SD rats by high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry].

The analysis of biological samples can provide qualitative and quantitative evidence of exposure to sulfur mustard (SM). N7-(2-hydroxyethylthioethyl) guanine (N7-HETEG) is the most abundant DNA adduct and one of the biomarkers of SM exposure. For the detection and validation of SM exposure, a sensitive high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS) method for the determination of N7-HETEG in a biomedical sample was developed, using N7-benzylguanine as the internal standard.

A sensitive high performance liquid chromatography-positive electrospray tandem mass spectrometry method for N7-[2-[(2-hydroxyethyl)thio]-ethyl]guanine determination.

A simple, fast, sensitive and robust method for the determination of the sulfur mustard (SM) exposure biomarker-N(7)-[2-[(2-hydroxyethyl)thio]-ethyl]guanine (HETEG) was reported using high-performance liquid chromatography-positive electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS), working in multiple reaction monitor (MRM) mode. The method provided limit of detection of 0.330 ng/mL and lower limit of quantitation of 0.

[Determination of phenylarsenic compounds in environmental samples by high performance liquid chromatography].

A reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for simultaneous determination of phenylarsonic acid (PAA), phenylarsine oxide (PAO), diphenylarsinic acid (DPAA), bis (diphenylarsine) oxide (BDPAO) and triphenylarsine (TPA) in soil samples. The extraction solvent for soil samples was acetonitrile and ultrasound was used in the extraction. Good separation was achieved by using an Inertsil CN-3 column (250 mm x 4.

Study on the amount of binding of anti-tumor metal complexes to different target sites of dGMP using trans-[en(2)Os(eta2-H(2))(CF(3)SO(3))](CF(3)SO(3)) in a competitive mode.

In order to investigate the binding sites and the amount of binding of a number of anti-tumor metal complexes (cisplatin, Cp(2)TiCl(2) and (CH(3))(2)SnCl(2)) to target molecule DNA mononucleotides in aqueous solution, a 1H NMR recognition probe, trans-[en(2)Os(eta2-H(2))(CF(3)SO(3))](CF(3)SO(3)), was used in a competitive mode. The minimum percentages of binding of anti-tumor metal complexes to different sites of dGMP were also determined.