The genetic origin of the Indo-Europeans.

The Yamnaya archaeological complex appeared around 3300 BC across the steppes north of the Black and Caspian Seas, and by 3000 BC it reached its maximal extent, ranging from Hungary in the west to Kazakhstan in the east. To localize Yamnaya origins among the preceding Eneolithic people, we assembled ancient DNA from 435 individuals, demonstrating three genetic clines. A Caucasus-lower Volga (CLV) cline suffused with Caucasus hunter-gatherer ancestry extended between a Caucasus Neolithic southern end and a northern end at Berezhnovka along the lower Volga river.

A genomic history of the North Pontic Region from the Neolithic to the Bronze Age.

The North Pontic Region was the meeting point of the farmers of Old Europe and the foragers and pastoralists of the Eurasian steppe, and the source of migrations deep into Europe. Here we report genome-wide data from 81 prehistoric North Pontic individuals to understand the genetic makeup of its people. North Pontic foragers had ancestry from Balkan and Eastern hunter-gatherers as well as European farmers and, occasionally, Caucasus hunter-gatherers.

Adverse event profiles of drug-induced decreased libido: an assessment of the US food and drug administration Adverse Event Reporting System.

Background: Drug-induced decreased libido significantly affects the quality of life and relationships of patients. However, no comprehensive study has examined the relationship between drugs and libido. This study assessed drug-induced decreased libido by mining data from the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS).

[Quantitative Detection and Integrality Analysis of Plasma Circulating Cell-Free DNA in Multiple Myeloma].

Objective: To investigate the role of plasma circulating cell-free DNA (cf-DNA) in the screening and diagnosis of patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM) and explore the changes of cf-DNA in terms of content and integrality in the assessment of disease in patients treated with chemotherapy.

Methods: Peripheral blood specimens were collected from 35 newly diagnosed MM patients and 18 healthy volunteers, and 13 of the 35 patients who had finished 3 courses of standard induction chemotherapy were selected as follow-up group. The ALU247 and ALU115 fragments were used as the target genes, and the cf-DNA content in the plasma of patients and healthy controls was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR).

The Genetic Origin of the Indo-Europeans.

The Yamnaya archaeological complex appeared around 3300BCE across the steppes north of the Black and Caspian Seas, and by 3000BCE reached its maximal extent from Hungary in the west to Kazakhstan in the east. To localize the ancestral and geographical origins of the Yamnaya among the diverse Eneolithic people that preceded them, we studied ancient DNA data from 428 individuals of which 299 are reported for the first time, demonstrating three previously unknown Eneolithic genetic clines. First, a "Caucasus-Lower Volga" (CLV) Cline suffused with Caucasus hunter-gatherer (CHG) ancestry extended between a Caucasus Neolithic southern end in Neolithic Armenia, and a steppe northern end in Berezhnovka in the Lower Volga.

Correlation analysis of serum miR-145 and miR-210 with carotid artery stenosis and their predictive value for cerebral ischemic events.

Objective: To analyze the significance of serum miR-145 and miR-210 expression levels in the diagnosis of carotid artery stenosis.

Methods: During the same period, 55 healthy individuals who received physical examination in the same hospital were recruited as controls and assigned to a non-stenosis group. Among the included patients, there were 45 cases of mild stenosis, 14 cases of moderate stenosis, and 6 cases of severe stenosis after carotid color Doppler ultrasonography.

Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) Exposure Compromises Fertility by Affecting Ovarian and Oocyte Development.

PFOA, a newly emerging persistent organic pollutant, is widely present in various environmental media. Previous reports have proved that PFOA exposure can accumulate in the ovary and lead to reproductive toxicity in pregnant mice. However, the potential mechanism of PFOA exposure on fertility remains unclear.

Genetic continuity and change among the Indigenous peoples of California.

Before the colonial period, California harboured more language variation than all of Europe, and linguistic and archaeological analyses have led to many hypotheses to explain this diversity. We report genome-wide data from 79 ancient individuals from California and 40 ancient individuals from Northern Mexico dating to 7,400-200 years before present (BP). Our analyses document long-term genetic continuity between people living on the Northern Channel Islands of California and the adjacent Santa Barbara mainland coast from 7,400 years BP to modern Chumash groups represented by individuals who lived around 200 years BP.

The genetic legacy of African Americans from Catoctin Furnace.

Few African Americans have been able to trace family lineages back to ancestors who died before the 1870 United States Census, the first in which all Black people were listed by name. We analyzed 27 individuals from Maryland's Catoctin Furnace African American Cemetery (1774-1850), identifying 41,799 genetic relatives among consenting research participants in 23andMe, Inc.'s genetic database.

[Genetic analysis of a Chinese pedigree affected with Congenital coagulation factor XII deficiency due to a c.1A>G start codon variant of F12 gene].

Objective: To explore the clinical characteristics and genetic etiology of a consanguineous Chinese pedigree affected with Congenital coagulation factor XII (XII) deficiency.

Methods: Members of the pedigree who had visited Ruian People's Hospital on July 12, 2021 were selected as the study subjects. Clinical data of the pedigree were reviewed.

Entwined African and Asian genetic roots of medieval peoples of the Swahili coast.

The urban peoples of the Swahili coast traded across eastern Africa and the Indian Ocean and were among the first practitioners of Islam among sub-Saharan people. The extent to which these early interactions between Africans and non-Africans were accompanied by genetic exchange remains unknown. Here we report ancient DNA data for 80 individuals from 6 medieval and early modern (AD 1250-1800) coastal towns and an inland town after AD 1650.

The genetic history of the Southern Arc: A bridge between West Asia and Europe.

By sequencing 727 ancient individuals from the Southern Arc (Anatolia and its neighbors in Southeastern Europe and West Asia) over 10,000 years, we contextualize its Chalcolithic period and Bronze Age (about 5000 to 1000 BCE), when extensive gene flow entangled it with the Eurasian steppe. Two streams of migration transmitted Caucasus and Anatolian/Levantine ancestry northward, and the Yamnaya pastoralists, formed on the steppe, then spread southward into the Balkans and across the Caucasus into Armenia, where they left numerous patrilineal descendants. Anatolia was transformed by intra-West Asian gene flow, with negligible impact of the later Yamnaya migrations.

Ancient DNA from Mesopotamia suggests distinct Pre-Pottery and Pottery Neolithic migrations into Anatolia.

We present the first ancient DNA data from the Pre-Pottery Neolithic of Mesopotamia (Southeastern Turkey and Northern Iraq), Cyprus, and the Northwestern Zagros, along with the first data from Neolithic Armenia. We show that these and neighboring populations were formed through admixture of pre-Neolithic sources related to Anatolian, Caucasus, and Levantine hunter-gatherers, forming a Neolithic continuum of ancestry mirroring the geography of West Asia. By analyzing Pre-Pottery and Pottery Neolithic populations of Anatolia, we show that the former were derived from admixture between Mesopotamian-related and local Epipaleolithic-related sources, but the latter experienced additional Levantine-related gene flow, thus documenting at least two pulses of migration from the Fertile Crescent heartland to the early farmers of Anatolia.

A genetic probe into the ancient and medieval history of Southern Europe and West Asia.

Literary and archaeological sources have preserved a rich history of Southern Europe and West Asia since the Bronze Age that can be complemented by genetics. Mycenaean period elites in Greece did not differ from the general population and included both people with some steppe ancestry and others, like the Griffin Warrior, without it. Similarly, people in the central area of the Urartian Kingdom around Lake Van lacked the steppe ancestry characteristic of the kingdom's northern provinces.

Large-scale migration into Britain during the Middle to Late Bronze Age.

Present-day people from England and Wales have more ancestry derived from early European farmers (EEF) than did people of the Early Bronze Age. To understand this, here we generated genome-wide data from 793 individuals, increasing data from the Middle to the Late Bronze Age and Iron Age in Britain by 12-fold, and western and central Europe by 3.5-fold.

[Effects of understory removal on soil microbial community composition in subtropical plantations].

We investigated the effects of understory removal on soil microbial community and soil physicochemical properties in a field experiment following random block design in subtropical moso bamboo () plantations, which were widely contributed in middle subtropical area, aiming to assess the regulation mechanism of understory plants on soil microbial community. The results showed that understory removal significantly increased the contents of soil N, NO-N, and soil available phosphorus, but decreased soil pH and the contents of soil NH-N and soil phosphorus (TP). Moreover, understory removal decreased total and bacterial PLFAs (B) and increasing soil fungal PLFAs (F), resulting in a higher F/B ratio.

Evaluation of minor drug-resistant viral variants in patients experiencing virological failure (VF) on a first-line regimen in Fujian Province by high-throughput sequencing.

Background: It is largely unknown how frequently minor HIV drug-resistant variants at levels under limit of detection of conventional genotyping are present in patients experiencing virological failure (VF). Further, the clinical implications of minor drug-resistant variants at time of virologic failure are unknown.

Methods: Fifteen patients experiencing VF on a first-line regimen were evaluated by high-throughput sequencing and compared with the conventional Sanger genotype drug resistance detection method.

2,4-DCP compromises the fertilization capacity of mouse oocytes.

2,4-DCP (2,4-dichlorophenol) is an environmental estrogen that is ubiquitously distributed in the environment and widely used to produce herbicides and pharmaceutical intermediates. Although 2,4-DCP is suspected to have endocrine disruption, the reproductive toxicity of 2,4-DCP in mammals has not been adequately assessed. In the present study, we examined the effect of 2,4-DCP on the fertility of mouse eggs.

A Benziodoxole-Based Hypervalent Iodine(III) Compound Functioning as a Peptide Coupling Reagent.

1-Benzoyloxy-1,2-benziodoxol-3-(1H)-one (IBA-OBz), a readily available and bench stable benziodoxole-based iodine(III) reagent, can be employed for the synthesis of dipeptides from various standard and sterically hindered amino acids in the presence of (4-MeOCH)P. The combined system of IBA-OBz/(4-MeOCH)P is also successfully applied to the solid-phase peptide synthesis and a pentapeptide leu-enkephalin in unprotected form has been synthesized. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the rate-limiting step is nucleophilic attack of 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) onto IBA-OBz.

Melatonin ameliorates the fertilization capacity of oocytes exposed to 17α-ethynylestradiol.

17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2), a synthetic hormone that derives from the natural hormone estradiol, has been reported to alter the sex determination, sexual maturity and secondary sexual characteristics of exposed organisms. However, the adverse effects of EE2 on the oocyte quality have not fully determined. Here, we found that EE2 exposure compromised the fertilization capacity of mouse oocytes, while treatment of melatonin remarkably elevated the fertilization rate.

Controllable Co@N-doped graphene anchored onto the NRGO toward electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution at all pH values.

We propose a synthetic strategy to synthesize cobalt nanoparticle cores encapsulated in tunable N-doped graphene shells on N-doped reduced graphene oxide as a highly efficient and stable pH-universal electrocatalyst. The superior performance is mainly attributed to the optimization of the electrocatalytic centre and the improvement of the electronic configuration.

Genomic analysis reveals rich genetic variation and potential targets of selection during domestication of castor bean from perennial woody tree to annual semi-woody crop.

Relatively, little is known about the genetic variation of woody trees during domestication. Castor bean ( L. Euphorbiaceae) is a commercially important nonedible annual oilseed crop and differs from its wild progenitors that have a perennial woody habit.