Volatile organic compounds from Stenotrophomonas geniculata J-0 as potential biofumigants manage bulb rot caused by Fusarium oxysporum in postharvest Lanzhou lily.

The Lanzhou lily bulbs are often vulnerable to postharvest infections by pathogenic fungi, leading to lily bulb rot. This study investigated the ability of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by Stenotrophomonas geniculata J-0 to control the highly pathogenic fungus Fusarium oxysporum BH-7 in postharvest Lanzhou lily bulbs. VOCs of S.

C/EBPδ deficiency delays infection-induced preterm birth.

Background: Parturition is an inflammation process. Exaggerated inflammatory reactions in infection lead to preterm birth. Although nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) has been recognized as a classical transcription factor mediating inflammatory reactions, those mediated by NF-κB per se are relatively short-lived.

The dual role of glucocorticoid regeneration in inflammation at parturition.

Introduction: Fetal membrane inflammation is an integral event of parturition. However, excessive pro-inflammatory cytokines can impose threats to the fetus. Coincidentally, the fetal membranes express abundant 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (11β-HSD1), which generates biologically active cortisol to promote labor through induction of prostaglandin synthesis.

Unraveling the CDK9/PP2A/ERK Network in Transcriptional Pause Release and Complement Activation in KRAS-mutant Cancers.

Selective inhibition of the transcription elongation factor (P-TEFb) complex represents a promising approach in cancer therapy, yet CDK9 inhibitors (CDK9i) are currently limited primarily to certain hematological malignancies. Herein, while initial responses to CDK9-targeted therapies are observed in vitro across various KRAS-mutant cancer types, their efficacy is far from satisfactory in nude mouse xenograft models. Mechanistically, CDK9 inhibition leads to compensatory activation of ERK-MYC signaling, accompanied by the recovery of proto-oncogenes, upregulation of immediate early genes (IEGs), stimulation of the complement C1r-C3-C3a cascade, and induction of tumor immunosuppression.

Analysis of the effect of HDAC inhibitors on the formation of the HIV reservoir.

The HIV reservoir is more dynamic than previously thought with around 70% of the latent reservoir originating from viruses circulating within 1 year of the initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART). In an model system of HIV latency, it was reported that early exposure to class I histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors might prevent these more recently infected cells from entering a state of stable viral latency. This finding raises the possibility that co-administration of HDAC inhibitors at the time of ART initiation may prevent the establishment of much of the HIV reservoir.

Endophytic Fungi Volatile Organic Compounds as Crucial Biocontrol Agents Used for Controlling Fruit and Vegetable Postharvest Diseases.

Fruits and vegetables are an important part of the human diet, but during transportation and storage, microbial pathogens attack and spoil fruits and vegetables, causing huge economic losses to agriculture. Traditionally used chemical fungicides leave chemical residues, leading to environmental pollution and health risks. With the emphasis on food safety, biocontrol agents are attracting more and more attention due to their environmental friendliness.

ADAMTS4 is a crucial proteolytic enzyme for versican cleavage in the amnion at parturition.

Hyalectan cleavage may play an important role in extracellular matrix remodeling. However, the proteolytic enzyme responsible for hyalectan degradation for fetal membrane rupture at parturition remains unknown. Here, we reveal that versican (VCAN) is the major hyalectan in the amnion, where its cleavage increases at parturition with spontaneous rupture of membrane.

Immune cells within tertiary lymphoid structures are associated with progression-free survival in patients with locoregional recurrent breast cancer.

Introduction: Locoregional recurrent breast cancers have a poor prognosis. Little is known about the prognostic impact of immune microenvironment, and tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) in particular have not been reported. Thus, we aimed to characterize the immune microenvironment in locoregional recurrent breast tumors and to investigate its relationship with prognosis.

Transient CD4+ T cell depletion during suppressive ART reduces the HIV reservoir in humanized mice.

Lifelong treatment is required for people living with HIV as current antiretroviral therapy (ART) does not eradicate HIV infection. Latently infected cells are essentially indistinguishable from uninfected cells and cannot be depleted by currently available approaches. This study evaluated antibody mediated transient CD4+ T cell depletion as a strategy to reduce the latent HIV reservoir.

Percutaneous microwave ablation combined with endocrine therapy versus standard therapy for elderly patients with HR-positive and HER2-negative invasive breast cancer: a propensity score-matched analysis of a multi-center, prospective cohort study.

Background: There is a growing trend to apply minimally invasive local treatments for elderly patients with early-stage breast cancer. As a minimally invasive thermal therapy, microwave ablation (MWA) has been attempted to treat breast cancer of small lesions, but its long-term local efficacy on elderly patients has seldom been reported. In this study, we aimed to compare outcomes of MWA combined with endocrine therapy to standard surgery combined with adjuvant therapy in the treatment of hormone receptor (HR)-positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative invasive breast cancer for elderly patients.

A germ-free humanized mouse model shows the contribution of resident microbiota to human-specific pathogen infection.

Germ-free (GF) mice, which are depleted of their resident microbiota, are the gold standard for exploring the role of the microbiome in health and disease; however, they are of limited value in the study of human-specific pathogens because they do not support their replication. Here, we develop GF mice systemically reconstituted with human immune cells and use them to evaluate the role of the resident microbiome in the acquisition, replication and pathogenesis of two human-specific pathogens, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Comparison with conventional (CV) humanized mice showed that resident microbiota enhance the establishment of EBV infection and EBV-induced tumorigenesis and increase mucosal HIV acquisition and replication.

Feasibility and efficacy of ultrasound-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound of breast fibroadenoma.

Objective: This nonrandomized prospective clinical trial aimed to assess the efficacy, safety and follow-up outcomes of ultrasound-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound (USgHIFU) surgery in patients with breast fibroadenoma.

Methods: With the approval of the institutional ethics committee and written informed consent, a total of 113 patients diagnosed with breast fibroadenoma by core-needle biopsy in our hospital were recruited. USgHIFU surgery was performed under local anesthesia.

Loss of In Vivo Replication Fitness of HIV-1 Variants Resistant to the Tat Inhibitor, dCA.

HIV resistance to the Tat inhibitor didehydro-cortistatin A (dCA) in vitro correlates with higher levels of Tat-independent viral transcription and a seeming inability to enter latency, which rendered resistant isolates more susceptible to CTL-mediated immune clearance. Here, we investigated the ability of dCA-resistant viruses to replicate in vivo using a humanized mouse model of HIV infection. Animals were infected with WT or two dCA-resistant HIV-1 isolates in the absence of dCA and followed for 5 weeks.

Research progress of volatile organic compounds produced by plant endophytic bacteria in control of postharvest diseases of fruits and vegetables.

Pathogen infestation results in significant losses of fruits and vegetables during handling, transportation, and storage. The use of synthetic fungicides has been a common measure for controlling plant pathogens. However, their excessive use of chemicals has led to increased environmental pollution, leaving large amounts of chemicals in agricultural products, posing a threat to human and animal health.

Combining primary tumor features derived from conventional and contrast-enhanced ultrasound facilitates the prediction of positive axillary lymph nodes in Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System category 4 malignant breast lesions.

Purpose: To determine whether the primary tumor features derived from conventional ultrasound (US) and contrast-enhanced US (CEUS) facilitate the prediction of positive axillary lymph nodes (ALNs) in breast cancer diagnosed as Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) category 4.

Methods: A total of 240 women with breast cancer who underwent preoperative conventional US, strain elastography, and CEUS between September 2016 and December 2019 were included. The multiple parameters of the primary tumor were obtained, and univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to predict positive ALNs.

Fungal pathogens causing postharvest fruit rot of wolfberry and inhibitory effect of 2,3-butanedione.

Fungal pathogen contamination is one of the most important factors affecting the postharvest quality and shelf life of wolfberry fruits. Therefore, the prevention and control of fungal pathogens that cause fruit rot has become particularly important. Volatile antifungal agents of biological origin have broad application prospects.

Efficient removal of heavy metals by endophytic bacteria Staphylococcus succinus H3.

Aims: Heavy metal pollution is a serious and difficult environmental problem. With increasing heavy metal content in industrial wastewater, an environmentally friendly and efficient treatment method must be identified.

Methods And Results: Considering the ability of endophytic bacteria to adsorb metal ions, this paper explored the heavy metal resistance, adsorption, and adsorption mechanisms and performance of S.

ER-phagy Is Involved in the Degradation of Collagen I by IL-1β in Human Amnion in Parturition.

The process of parturition is associated with inflammation within the uterine tissues, and IL-1β is a key proinflammatory cytokine involved. Autophagy is emerging as an important pathway to remove redundant cellular components. However, it is not known whether IL-1β employs the autophagy pathway to degrade collagen, thereby participating in membrane rupture at parturition.

The synergistic effect and mechanisms of flavonoids and polysaccharides from Houttuynia cordata on H1N1-induced pneumonia in mice.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Houttuynia cordata Thunb. (HC, Saururaceae family) is a classical Traditional Chinese Medicine used to treat pneumonia clinically. The total flavonoids (HCF) and polysaccharides (HCP) are key medicinal components of H.

ER-phagy Is Involved in the Degradation of Collagen I by IL-1β in Human Amnion in Parturition.

The process of parturition is associated with inflammation within the uterine tissues, and IL-1β is a key proinflammatory cytokine involved. Autophagy is emerging as an important pathway to remove redundant cellular components. However, it is not known whether IL-1β employs the autophagy pathway to degrade collagen, thereby participating in membrane rupture at parturition.

BCL-2 inhibitor synergizes with PI3Kδ inhibitor and overcomes FLT3 inhibitor resistance in acute myeloid leukaemia.

Inhibitors targeting the antiapoptotic molecule BCL-2 have therapeutic potential for the treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML); however, BCL-2 inhibitors such as venetoclax exhibit limited monotherapy efficacy in relapsed or refractory human AML. PI3Kδ/AKT signalling has been shown to be constitutively active in AML patients. Here, we demonstrate that the combination of BCL-2 and PI3Kδ inhibitors exerts synergistic antitumour effects both and in AML.

Volatile organic compounds produced by L1 as a potential biocontrol agent against postharvest diseases of wolfberry.

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by antagonistic microorganisms have good biocontrol prospects against postharvest diseases. Infection caused by and 10 other significant fungal diseases can be successfully inhibited by VOCs produced by an identified and screened endophytic strain L1 (). This study revealed the and biocontrol effects of VOCs released by L1 on , a pathogenic fungus responsible for rot of wolfberry fruit.

The antifungal activity of a serine protease and the enzyme production of characteristics of Bacillus licheniformis TG116.

The growth of Phytophthora capsica, Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium oxysporum and Botrytis cinerea were all inhibited by the fermentation supernatant of Bacillus licheniformis TG116, a biocontrol strain isolated from Typhonium giganteum Engl. previously with broad-spectrum resistance to plant pathogens. The fermentation supernatant of the TG116 has a great stability on temperature and UV, and shows the biological activity of protease and cellulase.

Cortisol Stimulates Local Progesterone Withdrawal Through Induction of AKR1C1 in Human Amnion Fibroblasts at Parturition.

Fetal membrane activation is seen as being one of the crucial triggering components of human parturition. Increased prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production, a common mediator of labor onset in virtually all species, is recognized as one of the landmark events of membrane activation. Fetal membranes are also equipped with a high capacity of cortisol regeneration by 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (11β-HSD1), and the cortisol regenerated potently induces PGE2 synthesis, an effect normally suppressed by progesterone during gestation.