Efficacy and challenges of anti-PD1 in MSI-H mCRC: a case report on concurrent infections and ir-AIHA.

Anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) therapy has demonstrated notable efficacy in treating patients with deficient mismatch repair/high microsatellite instability (dMMR/MSI-H) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). However, its clinical application is fraught with challenges and can lead to significant immune-related adverse events (ir-AEs). In this report, we present a complicated case of an mCRC patient with MSI-H and mutations in β2M and LRP1B proteins, complicated by concurrent bacteremia and liver fluke infection, who received first-line anti-PD1 therapy.

Biomechanical comparison of proximal, distal, and anatomic tibial tunnel for transtibial posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

No consensus has been reached on the optimal position of PCL tibial tunnel. The purpose of this study was to compare the biomechanical properties of proximal, distal and anatomic tibial tunnel in transtibial posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. An in-vitro model of transtibial posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction was simulated using porcine tibias and bovine extensor tendons.

3D Killer Turn Angle in Transtibial Posterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Is Determined by the Graft Turning Angle both in the Sagittal and Coronal Planes.

Objective: During the transtibial posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction, surgeons commonly pay more attention to the graft turning angle in the sagittal plane (GASP), but the graft turning angle in the coronal plane (GACP) is always neglected. This study hypothesized that the three-dimensional (3D) killer turn angle was determined by both the GASP and GACP, and aimed to quantitively analyze the effects of the GASP and GACP on the 3D killer turn angle.

Methods: This was an in-vitro computer simulation study of transtibial PCL reconstruction using 3D knee models.

Primary mediastinal seminoma with leiomyosarcoma: a rare case report.

Germ cell tumor is the most common malignant tumor of the gonads, sometimes they are found in locations other than the gonads, called Extra-gonadal Germ cell tumours (EGCTs). Primary mediastinal germ cell tumors (PMGCTs) are a kind of rare neoplasm in the anterior mediastinum, including seminoma and non-seminomatous, or appear as a mixture. Primary mediastinal seminoma mixed with sarcoma is an extremely rare clinicopathologic entity.

The Permissive Safe Angle of the Tibial Tunnel in Transtibial Posterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Three-Dimensional Simulation Study.

Objective: To determine the permissive safe angle (PSA) of the tibial tunnel in transtibial posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction based on a three-dimensional (3D) simulation study.

Methods: This was a computer simulation study of transtibial PCL reconstruction using 3D knee models. CT images of 90 normal knee joints from 2017 to 2020 were collected in this study, and 3D knee models were established based on CT data.

What Is the Maximum Tibial Tunnel Angle for Transtibial PCL Reconstruction? A Comparison Based on Virtual Radiographs, CT Images, and 3D Knee Models.

Background: To minimize the killer turn caused by the sharp margin of the tibial tunnel exit in transtibial PCL reconstruction, surgeons tend to maximize the angle of the tibial tunnel in relation to the tibial plateau. However, to date, no consensus has been reached regarding the maximum angle for the PCL tibial tunnel.

Questions/purposes: In this study we sought (1) to determine the maximum tibial tunnel angle for the anteromedial and anterolateral approaches in transtibial PCL reconstruction; (2) to compare the differences in the maximum angle based on three measurement methods: virtual radiographs, CT images, and three-dimensional (3D) knee models; and (3) to conduct a correlation analysis to determine whether patient anthropomorphic factors (age, sex, height, and BMI) are associated with the maximum tibial tunnel angle.

Whether sutures reduce the graft laceration caused by interference screw in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction? A biomechanical study in vitro.

Background: Interference screw is commonly used for graft fixation in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. However, previous studies had reported that the insertion of interference screws significantly caused graft laceration. The purposes of this study were to (1) quantitatively evaluate the graft laceration from one single insertion of PEEK interference screws; and (2) determine whether different types of sutures reduced the graft laceration after one single insertion of interference screws in ACL reconstruction.

Organ-Specific Immune-Related Adverse Events Associated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Monotherapy Versus Combination Therapy in Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Background: Although combination therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) provides a promising efficacy in multiple cancers, their use is facing challenges for a high incidence of adverse effects. This meta-analysis was conducted to compare the risks of organ-specific immune-related adverse events (IRAEs) associated with ICI monotherapy versus combination therapy among cancer patients.

Methods: Electronic databases were systematically searched to include eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Transcription factor glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 is required for transforming growth factor-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition of non-small cell lung cancer cells.

Epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (EMT) is the process by which epithelial cells depolarize and acquire a mesenchymal phenotype, and is a common early step in the process of metastasis. Patients with lung cancer frequently already have distant metastases when they are diagnosed, highlighting the requirement for early and effective interventions to control metastatic disease. Transforming growth factor‑β1 (TGF‑β1) is able to induce EMT, however the molecular mechanism of this remains unclear.