New FDA drug approvals for 2024: Synthesis and clinical application.

In 2024, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved a range of new drugs, including both 32 new chemical entities (NCEs) and 18 biological entities (NBEs).

Synthesis and clinical application of new drugs approved by NMPA in 2023.

The National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) in China plays a crucial role in regulating drug approval and ensuring the safety and efficacy of pharmaceutical products. In 2023, the NMPA authorized the approval of 82 novel therapeutic agents, including 48 chemical drugs, 22 biological drugs, 4 vaccines, and 8 traditional Chinese medicines. These approvals span a broad spectrum of therapeutic areas, with a strong focus on oncology, central nervous system disorders, anti-infective treatments, hematology, cardiovascular diseases, ophthalmology, and immunomodulation.

A Comprehensive Investigation into the Mechanisms Dictating the Movement of Liquid Crystal Polymer Flakes in Liquid Crystal Hosts.

Integrating microscale liquid crystal polymer flakes into host materials takes advantage of their compact shape and heightened responsiveness to electric fields, facilitating a range of switching capabilities and related applications, such as smart windows and E-paper displays. However, the complex physics controlling the movement of these flakes within liquid crystal hosts remains partly mysterious. This paper aims to elucidate the underlying physics that governs the behavior of nematic liquid crystal polymer flakes within nematic liquid crystal hosts.

Sunflower-like self-sustainable plant-wearable sensing probe.

Powering and communicating with wearable devices on bio-interfaces is challenging due to strict weight, size, and resource constraints. This study presents a sunflower-like plant-wearable sensing device that harnesses solar energy, achieving complete energy self-sustainability for long-term monitoring of plant sap flow, a crucial indicator of plant health. It features foldable solar panels along with all essential flexible electronic components, resulting in a compact system that is lightweight enough for small plants.

Enhancing fruit SSC detection accuracy via a light attenuation theory-based correction method to mitigate measurement orientation variability.

Nondestructive online detection and sorting for fruit quality has gradually attracted attention in the global agro-product industry. However, the detection accuracy is influenced by many factors, such as fruit orientation, fruit shape, and environmental fluctuations. This study aimed to explore the impact of measurement orientation variation on spectra and soluble solids content (SSC) detection in apples and propose a correction method to mitigate the effect.

14-3-3 proteins inhibit autophagy by regulating SINAT-mediated proteolysis of ATG6 in Arabidopsis.

Background: Autophagy is a conserved cellular process crucial for recycling cytoplasmic components and maintaining cellular homeostasis in eukaryotes. During autophagy, the formation of a protein complex involving AUTOPHAGY-RELATED PROTEIN 6 (ATG6) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase is pivotal for recruiting proteins involved in phagophore expansion. However, the intricate molecular mechanism regulating this protein complex in plants remains elusive.

Autophagy Regulates Plant Tolerance to Submergence by Modulating Photosynthesis.

The increase in global climate variability has increased the frequency and severity of floods, profoundly affecting agricultural production and food security worldwide. Autophagy is an intracellular catabolic pathway that is dispensable for plant responses to submergence. However, the physiological role of autophagy in plant response to submergence remains unclear.

Effects of esketamine combined with dexmedetomidine on postoperative delirium and quality of recovery in elderly patients undergoing thoracoscopic radical lung cancer surgery: a randomized controlled trial.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of esketamine (Esk) combined with dexmedetomidine (Dex) on postoperative delirium (POD) and quality of recovery (QoR) in elderly patients undergoing thoracoscopic radical lung cancer surgery.

Methods: In this prospective, randomized, and controlled study, 172 elderly patients undergoing thoracoscopic radical lung cancer surgery were divided into two groups: the Esk + Dex group (n = 86) and the Dex group a (n = 86). The primary outcome was the incidence of POD within 7 days after surgery and the overall Quality of Recovery-15 (QoR - 15) scores within 3 days after surgery.

GMOPNet: A GAN-MLP two-stage network for optical properties measurement of kiwifruit and peaches with spatial frequency domain imaging.

Spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) is an imaging technique using spatially modulated illumination for measurement of optical properties. Conventional SFDI methods require capturing at least six images, making it time-consuming. This study presents a Generative Adversarial Network-Multi-Layer Perceptron (GAN-MLP) two-stage network (GMOPNet) for extracting high-precision optical properties of kiwifruit and peaches from a single SFDI image, enabling real-time continuous wide-band SFDI.

Overexpression of Nfs1 Cysteine Desulphurase Relieves Sevoflurane-Induced Neurotoxicity and Cognitive Dysfunction in Neonatal Mice Via Suppressing Oxidative Stress and Ferroptosis.

Clinical evidence suggests that multiple exposures to sevoflurane in young people may be detrimental to cognitive development. Iron accumulation in the hippocampus is associated with sevoflurane-induced neurotoxicity and cognitive deficits. The cysteine desulphurase, Nfs1, the rate-limiting enzyme for the biosynthesis of iron-sulphur clusters, plays a role in cellular iron homeostasis.

Integrating deep learning and data fusion for enhanced oranges soluble solids content prediction using machine vision and Vis/NIR spectroscopy.

The visible/near infrared (Vis/NIR) spectrum will become distorted due to variations in sample color, thereby reducing the prediction accuracy of fruit composition. In this study, we aimed to develop a deep learning model with color correction capability to predict oranges soluble solids content (SSC) based on multi-source data fusion. Initially, a machine vision and Vis/NIR spectroscopy online acquisition device was designed to collect and analyze color images and transmission spectra.

The evolution of small-molecule Akt inhibitors from hit to clinical candidate.

Akt, a key regulator of cell survival, proliferation, and metabolism, has become a prominent target for treatment of cancer and inflammatory diseases. The journey of small-molecule Akt inhibitors from discovery to the clinic has faced numerous challenges, with a significant emphasis on optimization throughout the development process. Early discovery efforts identified various classes of inhibitors, including ATP-competitive and allosteric modulators.

Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of diphenyl ether substituted quinazolin-4-amine derivatives as potent EGFR inhibitors.

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a validated target for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the treatment for EGFR-C797S mutation induced by third-generation EGFR inhibitors remains a concern. Therefore, the development of the fourth-generation EGFR inhibitors to overcome the EGFR-C797S mutation has great potential for clinical treatment.

Lycopene detection in cherry tomatoes with feature enhancement and data fusion.

Lycopene, a biologically active phytochemical with health benefits, is a key quality indicator for cherry tomatoes. While ultraviolet/visible/near-infrared (UV/Vis/NIR) spectroscopy holds promise for large-scale online lycopene detection, capturing its characteristic signals is challenging due to the low lycopene concentration in cherry tomatoes. This study improved the prediction accuracy of lycopene by supplementing spectral data with image information through spectral feature enhancement and spectra-image fusion.

Naked mesoporous rhodium nanospheres with glutathione depletion and photothermal capabilities for tumor therapy.

Pancreatic and colon cancer are malignant tumors of the digestive system that currently lack effective treatments. In cancer cells, a high level of glutathione (GSH) is indispensable to scavenge excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) and detoxify xenobiotics, which make it a potential target for cancer therapy. GSH depletion has been proved to improve the therapeutic efficacy of photodynamic therapy.

Integrated analysis of transcriptome and small RNAome reveals regulatory network of rapid and long-term response to heat stress in Rhododendron moulmainense.

The post-transcriptional gene regulatory pathway and small RNA pathway play important roles in regulating the rapid and long-term response of Rhododendron moulmainense to high-temperature stress. The Rhododendron plays an important role in maintaining ecological balance. However, it is difficult to domesticate for use in urban ecosystems due to their strict optimum growth temperature condition, and its evolution and adaptation are little known.

Catalytic Oxidation of Chlorobenzene over HSiW/CeO as a Co-Benefit of NO Reduction: Remarkable Inhibition of Chlorobenzene Oxidation by NH.

There is an urgent need to develop novel and high-performance catalysts for chlorinated volatile organic compound oxidation as a co-benefit of NO. In this work, HSiW/CeO was used for chlorobenzene (CB) oxidation as a co-benefit of NO reduction and the inhibition mechanism of NH was explored. CB oxidation over HSiW/CeO primarily followed the Mars-van-Krevelen mechanism and the Eley-Rideal mechanism, and the CB oxidation rate was influenced by the concentrations of surface adsorbed CB, Ce ions, lattice oxygen species, gaseous CB, and surface adsorbed oxygen species.

Biomimetic leaves with immobilized catalase for machine learning-enabled validating fresh produce sanitation processes.

Washing and sanitation are vital steps during the postharvest processing of fresh produce to reduce the microbial load on the produce surface. Although current process control and validation tools effectively predict sanitizer concentrations in wash water, they have significant limitations in assessing sanitizer effectiveness for reducing microbial counts on produce surfaces. These challenges highlight the urgent need to improve the validation of sanitation processes, especially considering the presence of dynamic organic contaminants and complex surface topographies.

Using a new human milk fortifier to optimize human milk feeding among very preterm and/or very low birth weight infants: a multicenter study in China.

Background: Human milk fortifier (HMF) composition has been optimized recently. But clinical evidence of its safety and efficacy is limited in Chinese population. The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of a new HMF in growth, nutritional status, feeding intolerance, and major morbidities among very preterm (VPT) or very low birth weight (VLBW) infants in China.

Lipidomics reveals the lipid metabolism disorders in Fructus Psoraleae-induced hepatotoxicity in rats with kidney-yin deficiency syndrome.

Fructus Psoraleae (FP), one of the important traditional Chinese medicines, is widely used in clinic and has been reported to be hepatotoxic. However, there is no report on the mechanism of FP-induced hepatotoxicity based on the theory of You Gu Wu Yun. In this study, plasma samples of rats with different kidney deficiency syndromes were investigated using a lipidomics approach based on UPLC/Q-TOF-MS technique.