Weakening Coulomb interactions in ionic liquid via hydrogen bonds enables ultrafast supercapacitors.

The application of ionic liquid electrolytes in ultrafast supercapacitors to achieve wide electrochemical operating windows and high electrochemical stability is highly applauded. However, the strong Coulomb interaction between ions leads to the overscreening effect and slow establishment process of the electrical double layer (EDL), which deteriorates the rate performance of supercapacitors. Herein, inspired by Coulomb's law and EDL transient dynamics, we introduce competitive hydrogen bond interactions into typical ionic-liquid electrolytes to weaken the Coulomb interaction between ions.

Hierarchically Porous Carbon Microspheres Coated with MnO Nanosheets as the Sulfur Host for High-Loading Lithium-Sulfur Batteries.

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries have emerged as a promising candidate for next-generation high-energy rechargeable lithium batteries, but their practical application is impeded by the sluggish redox kinetics and low sulfur loading. Here, we report the in situ growth of δ-MnO nanosheets onto hierarchical porous carbon microspheres (HPCs) to form an HPCs/S@MnO composite for advanced lithium-sulfur batteries. The delicately designed hybrid architecture can effectively confine LiPSs and obtain high sulfur loading up to 10 mg cm, in which the inner carbon microspheres with a large pore volume and large specific surface area can encapsulate high sulfur content, and the outer MnO nanosheets, as a catalytic layer, can improve the conversion reaction of LiPSs and suppress the shuttle effect.

Progressive Optic Neuropathy in Hydrocephalic Ccdc13 Mutant Mice Caused by Impaired Axoplasmic Transport at the Optic Nerve Head.

Purpose: Optic nerve head (ONH) atrophy is frequently associated with hydrocephalic conditions. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-containing meninges form a subarachnoid space that terminates at the ONH, which physically impacts it. This study aims to characterize optic neuropathy in congenital hydrocephalic mice with genetic disruption of the Ccdc13 gene.

Association of Perinatal Depressive Symptoms with Breastfeeding.

Objective: Perinatal depression (PND) refers to depressive symptoms that occur in women during pregnancy and/or postpartum and is a common perinatal mental health problem. It is unclear whether early breastfeeding behavior is associated with PND symptoms in China. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between PND symptoms and breastfeeding patterns for infants based on a large cohort.

Carbon Corrosion Induced by Surface Defects Accelerates Degradation of Platinum/Graphene Catalysts in Oxygen Reduction Reaction.

Graphene supported electrocatalysts have demonstrated remarkable catalytic performance for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, their durability and cycling performance are greatly limited by Oswald ripening of platinum (Pt) and graphene support corrosion. Moreover, comprehensive studies on the mechanisms of catalysts degradation under 0.

Regulating the Pore Structure of Activated Carbon by Pitch for High-Performance Sodium-Ion Storage.

The pore structure of carbon anodes plays a crucial role in enhancing the sodium storage capacity. Designing more confined pores in carbon anodes is accepted as an effective strategy. However, current design strategies for confined pores in carbon anodes fail to achieve both high capacity and initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) simultaneously.

Releasing Free Radicals in Precursor Triggers the Formation of Closed Pores in Hard Carbon for Sodium-Ion Batteries.

Increasing closed pore volume in hard carbon is considered to be the most effective way to enhance the electrochemical performance in sodium-ion batteries. However, there is a lack of systematic insights into the formation mechanisms of closed pores at molecular level. In this study, a regulation strategy of closed pores via adjustment of the content of free radicals is reported.

Whole Landscape of the Origin and Evolution of Gassing in Supercapacitors at a High Voltage.

Although supercapacitors with acetonitrile-based electrolytes (AN-based SCs) have realized high-voltage (3.0 V) applications by manufacturers, gas generation at high voltages is a critical issue. Also, the exact origins and evolution mechanisms of gas generation during SC aging at 3.

Tmem138 is localized to the connecting cilium essential for rhodopsin localization and outer segment biogenesis.

Photoreceptor connecting cilium (CC) is structurally analogous to the transition zone (TZ) of primary cilia and gates the molecular trafficking between the inner and the outer segment (OS). Retinal dystrophies with underlying CC defects are manifested in a broad array of syndromic conditions known as ciliopathies as well as nonsyndromic retinal degenerations. Despite extensive studies, many questions remain in the mechanism of protein trafficking across the photoreceptor CC.

New Insights into the Mechanism of LiDFBOP for Improving the Low-Temperature Performance the Rational Design of an Interphase on a Graphite Anode.

The high impedance of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is one of the important factors that deteriorate the charge behavior of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) at low temperatures, which hinders their practical application in portable electronic products and electric vehicles under extreme conditions. Based on this consideration, a LiF-rich SEI film with low impedance, using lithium difluorobis(oxalato)phosphate (LiDFBOP) as an electrolyte additive and a blank electrolyte without commercial additives, is constructed on a graphite surface. The decomposition mechanism of LiDFBOP is further deduced by density functional theory calculations.

Critical Role of Surface Defects in the Controllable Deposition of LiS on Graphene: From Molecule to Crystallite.

Uncontrollable electrochemical deposition of LiS has negative impacts on the electrochemical performance of lithium-sulfur batteries, but the relationship between the deposition and the surface defects is rarely reported. Herein, ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) and density functional theory (DFT) approaches are used to study the LiS deposition behaviors on pristine and defected graphene substrates, including pyridinic N (PDN) doped and single vacancy (SV), as well as the interfacial characteristics, in that such defects could improve the polarity of the graphene material, which plays a vital role in the cathode. The result shows that due to the constraint of molecular vibration, LiS molecules tend to form stable adsorption with PDN atoms and SV defects, followed by the nucleation of LiS clusters on these sites.

Constructing NiP/NiP Heterostructures to Boost Interfacial Polarization for Enhanced Microwave Absorption Performance.

Heterostructures with a rich phase boundary are attractive for surface-mediated microwave absorption (MA) materials. However, understanding the MA mechanisms behind the heterogeneous interface remains a challenge. Herein, a phosphine (PH) vapor-assisted phase and structure engineering strategy was proposed to construct three-dimensional (3D) porous NiP/NiP heterostructures as microwave absorbers and explore the role of the heterointerface in MA performance.

Caveolin-1 regulates human trabecular meshwork cell adhesion, endocytosis, and autophagy.

Impaired trabecular meshwork (TM) outflow is implicated in the pathogenesis of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). We previously identified the association of a caveolin-1 (CAV1) variant with POAG by genome-wide association study. Here we report a study of CAV1 knockout (KO) effect on human TM cell properties.

Structural Evolution of Phosphorus Species on Graphene with a Stabilized Electrochemical Interface.

Phosphorus doping is an effective approach to tailor the surface chemistry of carbon materials. In this work, two-dimensional graphene, as a simplified model for all sp hybrid carbon allotropes, is employed to explore the surface chemistry of P-doped carbon materials. Thermally reduced graphene oxide, with abundant residual oxygen functionalities, is doped by phosphorus heteroatoms through HPO activation, followed by passivation in an inert atmosphere.

Detection of mutations in MYOC, OPTN, NTF4, WDR36 and CYP1B1 in Chinese juvenile onset open-angle glaucoma using exome sequencing.

Juvenile onset open-angle glaucoma (JOAG) affects patients before 40 years of age, causing high intraocular pressure and severe optic nerve damage. To expand the mutation spectrum of the causative genes in JOAG, with a view to identify novel disease-causing mutations, we investigated MYOC, OPTN, NTF4, WDR36 and CYP1B1 in a cohort of 67 unrelated Chinese JOAG patients. Whole exome sequencing was used to identify possible pathogenic mutations, which were further excluded in normal controls.

Mechanism-Based FE Simulation of Tool Wear in Diamond Drilling of SiC/Al Composites.

The aim of this work is to analyze the micro mechanisms underlying the wear of macroscale tools during diamond machining of SiC/Al6063 composites and to develop the mechanism-based diamond wear model in relation to the dominant wear behaviors. During drilling, high volume fraction SiC/Al6063 composites containing Cu, the dominant wear mechanisms of diamond tool involve thermodynamically activated physicochemical wear due to diamond-graphite transformation catalyzed by Cu in air atmosphere and mechanically driven abrasive wear due to high-frequency scrape of hard SiC reinforcement on tool surface. An analytical diamond wear model, coupling Usui abrasive wear model and Arrhenius extended graphitization wear model was proposed and implemented through a user-defined subroutine for tool wear estimates.

On Multi-Objective Based Constitutive Modelling Methodology and Numerical Validation in Small-Hole Drilling of Al6063/SiC Composites.

Discrepancies in capturing material behavior of some materials, such as Particulate Reinforced Metal Matrix Composites, by using conventional ad hoc strategy make the applicability of Johnson-Cook constitutive model challenged. Despites applicable efforts, its extended formalism with more fitting parameters would increase the difficulty in identifying constitutive parameters. A weighted multi-objective strategy for identifying any constitutive formalism is developed to predict mechanical behavior in static and dynamic loading conditions equally well.

Antibacterial cotton fabric with enhanced durability prepared using silver nanoparticles and carboxymethyl chitosan.

Carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCTS) and silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were successfully linked onto a cotton fabric surface through a simple mist modification process. The CMCTS binder was covalently linked to the cotton fabric via esterification and the Ag NPs were tightly adhered to the fiber surface by coordination bonds with the amine groups of CMCTS. As a result, the coating of Ag NPs on the cotton fabric showed excellent antibacterial properties and laundering durability.

Self-Assembled 3D Graphene-Based Aerogel with Co3 O4 Nanoparticles as High-Performance Asymmetric Supercapacitor Electrode.

Using graphene oxide and a cobalt salt as precursor, a three-dimensional graphene aerogel with embedded Co3 O4 nanoparticles (3D Co3 O4 -RGO aerogel) is prepared by means of a solvothermal approach and subsequent freeze-drying and thermal reduction. The obtained 3D Co3 O4 -RGO aerogel has a high specific capacitance of 660 F g(-1) at 0.5 A g(-1) and a high rate capability of 65.

Nitrogen-enriched hierarchically porous carbons prepared from polybenzoxazine for high-performance supercapacitors.

Nitrogen-enriched hierarchically porous carbons (HPCs) were synthesized from a novel nitrile-functionalized benzoxazine based on benzoxazine chemistry using a soft-templating method and a potassium hydroxide (KOH) chemical activation method and used as electrode materials for supercapacitors. The textural and chemical properties could be easily tuned by adding a soft template and changing the activation temperature. The introduction of the soft-templating agent (surfactant F127) resulted in the formation of mesopores, which facilitated fast ionic diffusion and reduced the internal resistance.

Hospital-related morbidity among childhood cancer survivors in British Columbia, Canada: report of the childhood, adolescent, young adult cancer survivors (CAYACS) program.

Our study examines inpatient, hospital-related morbidity in a geographically-defined cohort of long-term cancer survivors diagnosed before age 20 years in the province of British Columbia (BC), Canada. A total of 1374 survivors diagnosed from 1981 to 1995 surviving at least 5-years postdiagnosis, and a matched sample of 13,740 BC residents, were identified from population registers, and linked to provincial hospitalization records from 1986 to 2000. Logistic regression was used to assess relative risk and effect of sociodemographic, clinical, and temporal factors on risk.

Childhood, adolescent, and young adult cancer survivors research program of British Columbia: objectives, study design, and cohort characteristics.

Background: The Childhood, Adolescent, and Young Adult Cancer Survivors Research Program (CAYACS) has been established in the province of British Columbia (BC), Canada, to carry out research into late effects and survivor care in multiple domains, and to inform policy and practice.

Procedure: This program identifies a survivor cohort and comparison groups from population-based registries and links their records to population-based files of outcomes and outcome determinants, to create a research database and conduct studies of long-term outcomes and care.

Results: The initial cohort consisted of all 5-year survivors of cancer or a tumor diagnosed under age 25 years from 1970 to 1995, who were residents in BC at the time of diagnosis, and followed till 2000 (3,841 subjects).

[Development and application of poison databank and poisonous animal and plants sample databank].

Objective: To establish a comprehensive,easily approached, operated, and searched internet poison databank as to providing professional poison data and knowledge of effective treatment for those consented such as medical staff, and emergency response team in the shortest time.

Methods: We established a computer poison databank, by adopting B/S structure, using SQL Server databank, and explore technology, in which all information may easily be explored and obtained by users.

Results: The database integrated the information in relating to the substances identifiers, physical and chemical properties, toxicology data, clinical manifestation while intoxication, emergency response guides, effective treatment, anything related to the special antidotes, preventive measures, poison analysis, and manufacturers of chemicals, pharmaceuticals, herbs, pesticides, animal, plant, bacteria, fungi, productions and toxins.