Seasonal concentration distribution of PM1.0 and PM2.5 and a risk assessment of bound trace metals in Harbin, China: Effect of the species distribution of heavy metals and heat supply.

To clarify the potential carcinogenic/noncarcinogenic risk posed by particulate matter (PM) in Harbin, a city in China with the typical heat supply, the concentrations of PM and PM were analyzed from Nov. 2014 to Nov. 2015, and the compositions of heavy metals and water-soluble ions (WSIs) were determined.