Food purchases in households with and without diabetes based on consumer purchase data.

Objectives: Dietary recommendations for individuals with diabetes are easy to provide, but adherence is difficult to monitor. The objective of this study was to investigate whether there was a difference in grocery purchases between households with and without diabetes.

Study Design: Cohort study.

Temporal changes in risk of cardiovascular events in people with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes with and without cardiovascular disease.

Aims: Examine temporal changes in the risk of cardiovascular events in people with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes with and without cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Methods: 283,600 individuals with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes and age-, sex-, and CVD-matched controls without diabetes were identified through Danish nationwide registries between 1997 and 2014. Using Cox regression models, we report the standardized absolute 5-year risk of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, and heart failure for people with diabetes and controls.

Enteral nutrition and dynamics of citrulline and intestinal fatty acid-binding protein in adult ICU patients.

Background And Aims: Plasma citrulline and intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP) are biomarkers reflecting enterocyte function and intestinal mucosal injury. The aim was to describe daily dynamics of citrulline and I-FABP concentrations in association with enteral nutrition (EN) in adult ICU patients. We hypothesized that success or failure of EN is reflected by differences in citrulline and I-FABP levels at admission, as well as in daily dynamics over the first week.

Cardiovascular outcomes with GLP-1 receptor agonists vs. SGLT-2 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Aims: We examined cardiovascular outcomes associated with initiation of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) vs. sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT-2i) treatment in a real-world setting among patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods And Results: This Danish nationwide registry-based cohort study included patients with type 2 diabetes with a first-ever prescription of either GLP-1RA or SGLT-2i from 2013 through 2015 with follow-up until end of 2018.

Estimation of causal effect in integrating randomized clinical trial and observational data - An example application to cardiovascular outcome trial.

Safety evaluation of drug development is a comprehensive process across the product lifecycle. While a randomized clinical trial (RCT) can provide high-quality data to assess the efficacy and safety of a new intervention, the pre-marketing trials are limited in statistical power to detect causal elevation of rare but potentially serious adverse events. On the other hand, real-world data (RWD) sources play a critical role in further understanding the safety profile of the new intervention.

Socioeconomic disparities in prehospital factors and survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.

Objective: It remains unknown whether patient socioeconomic factors affect interventions and survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), and whether a socioeconomic effect on bystander interventions affects survival. Therefore, this study examined patient socioeconomic disparities in prehospital factors and survival.

Methods: From the Danish Cardiac Arrest Registry, patients with OHCA ≥30 years were identified, 2001-2014, and divided into quartiles of household income (highest, high, low, lowest).

The Mediating Effect of Pupils' Physical Fitness on the Relationship Between Family Socioeconomic Status and Academic Achievement in a Danish School Cohort.

Introduction: Family socioeconomic status influences pupils' academic achievements, and studies have established positive associations between physical fitness and academic achievements. However, whether physical fitness mediates the relationship remains unknown.

Objective: We investigated if pupils' physical fitness mediates the pathway between family socioeconomic status and academic achievement using causal inference-based mediation analysis.

Incidence, Risk Factors, and Outcomes of Intra-Abdominal Hypertension in Critically Ill Patients-A Prospective Multicenter Study (IROI Study).

Objectives: To identify the prevalence, risk factors, and outcomes of intra-abdominal hypertension in a mixed multicenter ICU population.

Design: Prospective observational study.

Setting: Fifteen ICUs worldwide.

Workplace bullying and workplace violence as risk factors for cardiovascular disease: a multi-cohort study.

Aims: To assess the associations between bullying and violence at work and cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Methods And Results: Participants were 79 201 working men and women, aged 18-65 years and free of CVD and were sourced from three cohort studies from Sweden and Denmark. Exposure to workplace bullying and violence was measured at baseline using self-reports.

The effect of early-life and adult socioeconomic position on development of lifestyle-related diseases.

Background: Early-life socioeconomic position (SEP) is associated with lifestyle-related diseases in adulthood. However, evidence is lacking on the extent to which adult SEP mediates this association.

Methods: Time to either chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cardiovascular disease or diabetes were assessed in the Danish population born between 1961 and 1971 (n = 793 674) from age 30 until 2015.

Workplace bullying and violence as risk factors for type 2 diabetes: a multicohort study and meta-analysis.

Aims/hypothesis: The aim of this multicohort study was to examine whether employees exposed to social stressors at work, such as workplace bullying and violence, have an increased risk of type 2 diabetes.

Methods: The study included 45,905 men and women (40-65 years of age and free of diabetes at baseline) from four studies in Sweden, Denmark and Finland. Workplace bullying and violence were self-reported at baseline.

The indirect and direct pathways between physical fitness and academic achievement on commencement in post-compulsory education in a historical cohort of Danish school youth.

Background: Some studies have found positive associations between physical fitness and academic achievements. Pupils' academic achievements should indicate scholastic abilities to commence a post-compulsory education. However, the effect magnitude of physical fitness and academic achievements on commencement in post-compulsory education is unknown.

Risk factors of coercion among psychiatric inpatients: a nationwide register-based cohort study.

Purpose: Reducing the use of coercion among patients with mental disorders has long been a political priority. However, risk factors for coercive measures have primarily been investigated in smaller studies. To reduce the use of coercion, it is crucial to identify people at risk which we aim to do in this first large-scale study.

Implementation of enteral feeding protocol in an intensive care unit: Before-and-after study.

Aim: To determine the effects of implementing an enteral feeding protocol on the nutritional delivery and outcomes of intensive care patients.

Methods: An uncontrolled, observational before-and-after study was performed in a tertiary mixed medical-surgical intensive care unit (ICU). In 2013, a nurse-driven enteral feeding protocol was developed and implemented in the ICU.

Simulation-based multiprofessional obstetric anaesthesia training conducted in situ versus off-site leads to similar individual and team outcomes: a randomised educational trial.

Objective: To investigate the effect of in situ simulation (ISS) versus off-site simulation (OSS) on knowledge, patient safety attitude, stress, motivation, perceptions of simulation, team performance and organisational impact.

Design: Investigator-initiated single-centre randomised superiority educational trial.

Setting: Obstetrics and anaesthesiology departments, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.

Comparison of different definitions of feeding intolerance: A retrospective observational study.

Background & Aims: While feeding intolerance (FI) is clinically important in the critically ill it is inconsistently defined. By evaluating definitions of FI based on relationships between symptoms and signs of gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction and mortality the objective was to define FI using the definition that was most strongly associated with subsequent mortality.

Methods: Data from all adult patients admitted to a single ICU between 2004 and 2011, and who were receiving enteral nutrition (EN), were analysed.

Postoperative complications and mortality after major gastrointestinal surgery.

Background And Objective: The incidence of postoperative complications and death is low in the general population, but a subgroup of high-risk patients can be identified amongst whom adverse postoperative outcomes occur more frequently. The present study was undertaken to describe the incidence of postoperative complications, length of stay, and mortality after major abdominal surgery for gastrointestinal, hepatobiliary and pancreatic malignancies and to identify the risk factors for impaired outcome.

Material And Methods: Data of patients, operated on for gastro-intestinal malignancies during 2009-2010 were retrieved from the clinical database of Tartu University Hospital.