Active Sites Regulation and Mass Production of a Hierarchically Porous Fe-N-C Catalyst for Zinc-Air Batteries.

Although the iron-nitrogen-carbon (Fe-N-C) catalyst has great potential in zinc-air batteries (ZABs), the insufficient performance and low production of the Fe-N-C catalyst are still the key factors that greatly limit the commercial application. In this study, first, a simple dual melt-salt template method is developed to prepare the hierarchically porous HPFe-N-C catalyst with abundant highly stable Fe-pyridinic-N sites. Then, HPFe-N-C and Fe-phenanthroline are mixed and heated for the mass production of THPFe-N-C with rich highly active Fe-pyrrolic-N sites.

Insights from Structure-Based Simulations into the Persulfidation of Uridine Diphosphate-Glycosyltransferase71c5 Facilitating the Reversible Inactivation of Abscisic Acid.

The action of abscisic acid (ABA) is closely related to its level in plant tissues. Uridine diphosphate-glycosyltransferase71c5 (UGT71C5) was characterized as a major UGT enzyme to catalyze the formation of the ABA-glucose ester (ABA-GE), a reversible inactive form of free ABA in (thale cress). UGTs function in a mode where the catalytic base deprotonates an acceptor to allow a nucleophilic attack at the anomeric center of the donor, achieving the transfer of a glucose moiety.

Coexisting Fe single atoms and nanoparticles on hierarchically porous carbon for high-efficiency oxygen reduction reaction and Zn-air batteries.

Fe single-atom catalysts still suffer from unsatisfactory intrinsic activity and durability for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Herein, the coexisting Fe single atoms and nanoparticles on hierarchically porous carbon (denoted as Fe-FeN-C) are prepared via a Zn(OH)(CO)-assisted pyrolysis strategy. Theoretical calculation reveals that the Fe nanoparticles can optimize the electronic structures and d-band center of Fe active center, hence reducing the reaction energy barrier for enhancing intrinsic activity.

Solvent environment engineering to synthesize FeNC nanocubes with densely Fe-N sites as oxygen reduction catalysts for Zn-air battery.

Zeolitic imidazole framework (ZIF)-derived iron-nitrogen-carbon (FeNC) materials are expected to be high-efficiency catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, increasing the density of active sites while avoiding metal accumulation still faces significant challenges. Herein, solvent environment engineering is used to synthesize the FeNC containing dense Fe-N moieties by adjusting the solvent during the ZIF precursor synthesis process.

Synergistic Interfacial and Doping Engineering of Heterostructured NiCo(OH)-CoW as an Efficient Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution Electrocatalyst.

To achieve high efficiency of water electrolysis to produce hydrogen (H), developing non-noble metal-based catalysts with considerable performance have been considered as a crucial strategy, which is correlated with both the interphase properties and multi-metal synergistic effects. Herein, as a proof of concept, a delicate NiCo(OH)-CoW catalyst with a bush-like heterostructure was realized via gas-template-assisted electrodeposition, followed by an electrochemical etching-growth process, which ensured a high active area and fast gas release kinetics for a superior hydrogen evolution reaction, with an overpotential of 21 and 139 mV at 10 and 500 mA cm, respectively. Physical and electrochemical analyses demonstrated that the synergistic effect of the NiCo(OH)/CoW heterogeneous interface resulted in favorable electron redistribution and faster electron transfer efficiency.

A theoretical study of atomically dispersed MN/C (M = Fe or Mn) as a high-activity catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction.

Carbon-based, non-noble metal catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) are crucial for the large-scale application of metal-air batteries and fuel cells. Density functional theory calculations were performed to explore the potential of atomically dispersed MN4/C (M = Fe or Mn) as an ORR catalyst in an acidic electrolyte and the ORR mechanism on MN4/C was systematically studied. The results indicated MN4 as the active site of MN4/C and a four-electron OOH transformation pathway as the preferred ORR mechanism on the MN4/C surface.

Graphite N-C-P dominated three-dimensional nitrogen and phosphorus co-doped holey graphene foams as high-efficiency electrocatalysts for Zn-air batteries.

The search for metal-free catalysts for oxygen reduction reactions (ORRs) in energy storage and conversion devices, such as fuel cells and metal-air batteries, is highly desirable but challenging. Here, we have designed and synthesized controllable 3D nitrogen and phosphorous co-doped holey graphene foams (N,P-HGFs) as a high-efficiency ORR catalyst through structural regulation and electronic engineering. The obtained catalyst shows a half-wave potential of 0.

Attention Bias Modification Treatment for Adolescents With Major Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: Attention bias modification (ABM) is a promising treatment for depression, but trial data remain restricted to adults. The present trial examined effects of ABM on adolescent depression.

Method: A total of 45 adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD), selected from a school population (n = 2,731) using a 2-stage case-finding procedure, were randomized to an active ABM intervention (n = 23) or placebo ABM training (n = 22).

Identification of interferon-inducible genes as diagnostic biomarker for systemic lupus erythematosus.

The identification of biomarkers helps to perform early diagnosis, thus benefits the outcome of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), in which delayed treatment has been proposed as an independent adverse prognostic factor. In this study, we assessed the values of expression levels of five type I interferon (IFN)-inducible genes (LY6E, OAS1, OASL, MX1, and ISG15) and total IFN score for the diagnosis of SLE. Quantitative real-time PCR was applied to determine gene expressions at transcription level in peripheral blood from 69 SLE patients, 42 patients with other connective tissue diseases, and 26 normal controls.

Emotional valence of words modulates the subliminal repetition priming effect in the left fusiform gyrus: an event-related fMRI study.

The present study investigated if the emotional valence of words modulates the subliminal repetition priming effect in the brain, in particular, the occipitotemporal visual cortex, by adopting a rapid presentation event-related fMRI design. A masked repetition priming paradigm was adopted, in which, before the presentation of the target (either positive or negative or neutral in meaning), a masked prime word that was either a repetition or an unrelated word of the target was presented. The subject made a perceptual judgment on the target.