PAG neuronal NMDARs activation mediated morphine-induced hyperalgesia by HMGB1-TLR4 dependent microglial inflammation.

Morphine is one of the most effective and widely used analgesic drugs. However, chronic morphine use caused opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH). The development of OIH limits the use of morphine.

Morphine-induced microglial immunosuppression via activation of insufficient mitophagy regulated by NLRX1.

Background: Chronic morphine exposure induces immunosuppression in the peripheral and central nervous system, resulting in susceptibility of patients to invading pathogens. Mitophagy is a crucial regulator of inflammation, and dysregulated mitophagy may cause immunosuppression, but whether mitophagy is linked with morphine-induced immunosuppression in the brain remains unknown. NLRX1 is the only mitochondrially localized NOD family receptor protein which serves as a critical regulator in immunity and mitophagy activation, but it remains an enigma how NLRX1 functions in the crosstalk between microglial inflammatory defense and mitophagy in the presence of morphine.

Chronic exposure of alcohol triggers microglia-mediated synaptic elimination inducing cognitive impairment.

Background And Aims: Long-term alcohol intake leads to cognitive impairment and dementia. The impairment of the cerebral cortex and limbic structures in alcoholics is associated with the loss of synapses instead of neurons. Synapse loss is considered to be an early and key feature of many neurodegenerative diseases, in which microglia-mediated synapse elimination is vital.

Validation and Factor Analysis of the Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale (OCDS) in the Chinese Population.

Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale (OCDS) was established and introduced to measure the craving for alcohol and the severity of alcohol dependence. However, the Chinese version of OCDS is still unavailable and has not been validated in the Chinese population. We tended to translate and validate the OCDS in Chinese.

Effect of alteplase versus aspirin plus clopidogrel in acute minor stroke.

The optimal treatment for acute ischemic stroke with mild neurologic deficits is unclear. We aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of alteplase versus dual-antiplatelet therapy in acute minor stroke. We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients with minor ischemic stroke and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores ≤5 presenting within 24 h from last seen normal.

Reperfusion therapy for minor stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: Approximately, half of the acute stroke patients with minor symptoms were excluded from thrombolysis in some randomized controlled trials (RCTs). There is little evidence on treating minor strokes with rt-PA. Here, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the safety and efficacy of thrombolysis in these patients.

The efficacy of transcranial magnetic stimulation on migraine: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trails.

Objectives: As a non-invasive therapy, whether transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is effective on migraine. This article was aimed to assess the efficacy of TMS on migraine based on randomized controlled trails (RCTs).

Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library electronic databases for published studies which compared TMS group with sham group, conducted a meta-analysis of all RCTs.