The interaction of diet, alcohol, genetic predisposition, and the risk of breast cancer: a cohort study from the UK Biobank.

Background: Dietary factors have consistently been associated with breast cancer risk. However, there is limited evidence regarding their associations in women with different genetic susceptibility to breast cancer, and their interaction with alcohol consumption is also not well understood.

Methods: We analyzed data from 261,853 female participants in the UK Biobank.

Corrective surgery for nipple depression in patients with plasmacytic mastitis - A single-center experience.

Background: Plasma cell mastitis (PCM) is a complex breast disease in the clinic. Currently, there are no unified diagnostic criteria for the disease and no standard treatment methods. The effects of hormone, Conventional Chinese medicine and other treatments are uncertain, with long treatment duration and notable side effects.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi contribute to wheat yield in an agroforestry system with different tree ages.

Intercropping achieved through agroforestry is increasingly being recognized as a sustainable form of land use. In agroforestry, the roots of trees and crops are intermingled, and their interactions and the production of exudates alter the soil environment and soil microbial community. Although tree-crop interactions vary depending on the stand age of the trees, how stand age affects beneficial microorganisms, including arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), and whether changes in soil microorganisms feed back on crop growth in agroforestry systems are unknown.

Association of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and metabolic goal achievement with risk of chronic kidney disease.

Background: Although type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) plays a significant role in the association between metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD), how T2DM development and glycemic deterioration affect CKD and its renal function indicators, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR), remains unknown. We aimed to assess the association between MAFLD, along with T2DM, and risk of CKD, and then evaluate the effect of metabolic goal achievement in MAFLD on the risk of CKD.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 5,594 participants were included.

Delta opioid receptor activation modulates affective pain and modality-specific pain hypersensitivity associated with chronic neuropathic pain.

Delta opioid receptor (DOR) agonists alleviate nociceptive behaviors in various chronic pain models, including neuropathic pain, while having minimal effect on sensory thresholds in the absence of injury. The mechanisms underlying nerve injury-induced enhancement of DOR function are unclear. We used a peripheral nerve injury (PNI) model of neuropathic pain to assess changes in the function and localization of DORs in mice and rats.

Molecular profiling of transcription factors pinpoints MYC-estrogen related receptor α-regulatory factor X5 panel for characterizing the immune microenvironment and predicting the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in renal cell carcinoma.

Transcription factors (TFs) play key roles in biological processes, and previous studies revealed that they can control oncogenic processes. However, the functional impact of TFs on the prognosis of patients with cancer has not been extensively elucidated. In the context of The Cancer Genome Atlas, few studies have focused on the roles of TFs in tumorigenesis.

Impact of fruit-tree shade intensity on the growth, yield, and quality of intercropped wheat.

Agroforestry is a common traditional practice in China-especially in the southern Xinjiang of Northwest China. However, the productivity of many agroforestry systems has been lower than expected in recent years, highlighting the need for an actionably deep mechanistic understanding of the competition between crops and trees. Here, three different fruit tree/wheat (jujube/wheat, apricot /wheat, and walnut /wheat) intercropping agroforestry systems were chosen to investigate influence of different fruit tree shade intensity on the growth, yield and quality of intercropping wheat.

A stable and easily reproducible model of focal white matter demyelination.

Background: Demyelination is the end product of numerous pathological processes, and also is one of the main causes of neurological disability in Multiple sclerosis (MS). Research into the pathogenesis of MS is hampered by the conventional rodent models' inability to produce stable demyelination.

New Method: Focal demyelinating lesions were stereotactically targeted to the corpus callosum with a two-point injection of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC-2) in mice.

Insights from lncRNAs Profiling of MIN6 Beta Cells Undergoing Inflammation.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an organ-specific autoimmune disease characterized by chronic and progressive apoptotic destruction of pancreatic beta cells. During the initial phases of T1DM, cytokines and other inflammatory mediators released by immune cells progressively infiltrate islet cells, induce alterations in gene expression, provoke functional impairment, and ultimately lead to apoptosis. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a new important class of pervasive genes that have a variety of biological functions and play key roles in many diseases.

Investigation of an SPR biosensor for determining the influence of connexin 43 expression on the cytotoxicity of cisplatin.

The real-time and label free detection abilities of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors provide a way of evaluating the influence of some genes' expression on anti-tumor drug cytotoxicity. However, studies in this field are lacking. Connexin 43 is a tumor suppressor gene and the mechanism of its effect in cisplatin cytotoxicity is still unclear.

Prenatal Cocaine Exposure and Cardiometabolic Disease Risk Factors in 18- to 20-Year-Old African Americans.

Objective: The long-term effects of prenatal cocaine exposure (PCE) on physical health are largely unknown. No human studies support or refute a relationship between PCE and the long-term risk for cardiovascular and/or metabolic disease. We investigated the association of PCE on primary cardiometabolic disease risk factors in African Americans (AA) aged 18 to 20 years.

Neuroimmune Regulation of GABAergic Neurons Within the Ventral Tegmental Area During Withdrawal from Chronic Morphine.

Opioid dependence is accompanied by neuroplastic changes in reward circuitry leading to a negative affective state contributing to addictive behaviors and risk of relapse. The current study presents a neuroimmune mechanism through which chronic opioids disrupt the ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopaminergic circuitry that contributes to impaired reward behavior. Opioid dependence was induced in rodents by treatment with escalating doses of morphine.

Microglia disrupt mesolimbic reward circuitry in chronic pain.

Chronic pain attenuates midbrain dopamine (DA) transmission, as evidenced by a decrease in opioid-evoked DA release in the ventral striatum, suggesting that the occurrence of chronic pain impairs reward-related behaviors. However, mechanisms by which pain modifies DA transmission remain elusive. Using in vivo microdialysis and microinjection of drugs into the mesolimbic DA system, we demonstrate in mice and rats that microglial activation in the VTA compromises not only opioid-evoked release of DA, but also other DA-stimulating drugs, such as cocaine.

Function coupling of otoferlin with GAD65 acts to modulate GABAergic activity.

Otoferlin, an integral membrane protein implicated in a late stage of exocytosis, has been reported to play a critical role in hearing although the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. However, its widespread tissue distribution infers a more ubiquitous role in synaptic vesicle trafficking. Glutamate, an excitatory neurotransmitter, is converted to its inhibitory counterpart, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), by L-glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), which exists in soluble (GAD67) and membrane-bound (GAD65) forms.

Single-nucleotide polymorphism C3435T in the ABCB1 gene is associated with opioid consumption in postoperative pain.

Background: ABCB1 is a major determinant of opioid bioavailability; however, no previous studies have provided positive evidence of an association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of ABCB1 and opioid usage in acute pain management. The aim of this study was to test the association between the functional SNP C3435T in ABCB1 and opioid consumption in postoperative pain in patients undergoing a nephrectomy. Additionally, we explored the association between C3435T and opioid side effect.

Changes in morphine reward in a model of neuropathic pain.

In addition to sensory disturbances, neuropathic pain is associated with an ongoing and persistent negative affective state. This condition may be reflected as altered sensitivity to rewarding stimuli. We examined this hypothesis by testing whether the rewarding properties of morphine are altered in a rat model of neuropathic pain.

Comparison of body shape and physical activity among adolescents with normotensive and elevated blood pressure in Shandong, China.

Background: Several studies have provided ample evidence that hypertension in adults has its onset in childhood; children and adolescents with elevated blood pressure (BP) are more likely to become hypertensive adults. Shandong province is one of the areas of China with higher prevalence of hypertension. However, no studies on the relationship between physique and BP have been reported in Shandong Province, China.

Effects of intermedin1-53 on myocardial fibrosis.

Intermedin (IMD) is a member of the calcitonin/calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) family and has similar or more potent cardiovascular actions than adrenomedullin (ADM) and any other CGRP. The aim of the present work is to study the effects of IMD1-53 on cardiac fibroblast fibrosis in vivo and in vitro. Myocardial infarction model was prepared by ligating rats' left anterior descending coronary artery.

Longitudinal effects of prenatal cocaine use on mother-child interactions at ages 3 and 5 years.

Objective: To assess the effect of maternal prenatal and past-year cocaine use on mother-child interactions across preschool years.

Methods: The sample is drawn from the Miami Prenatal Cocaine Study, a longitudinal follow-up of prenatal cocaine exposure (PCE) in a large cohort of African-American infants prospectively enrolled at birth. Analyses are based on the 366 children (168 PCE and 198 non-cocaine-exposed) in the care of their biological mothers and with completed mother-child interaction measures at the 3- and/or 5-year assessments.

Estimated effect of prenatal cocaine exposure on examiner-rated behavior at age 7 years.

Unlabelled: Prenatal cocaine exposure has been linked to increased child behavior difficulties in some studies but not others.

Objective: The primary aim was to estimate the relationship between in utero cocaine exposure and child behavioral functioning at age 7 years with ratings made by blinded examiners during a structured testing session. A second aim was to examine whether caregiver drug use and psychological problems might mediate suspected relationships between prenatal cocaine exposure and aspects of examiner-rated behavior.

Estimated effects of in utero cocaine exposure on language development through early adolescence.

The potential longitudinal effects of prenatal cocaine exposure (PCE) on language functioning were estimated from early childhood through early adolescence in a large, well-retained urban sample of 451 full-term children (242 cocaine-exposed, 209 non-cocaine-exposed) participating in the Miami Prenatal Cocaine Study (MPCS). The sample was enrolled prospectively at birth, with documentation of prenatal drug exposure status through maternal interview, and toxicology assays of maternal and infant urine, and infant meconium. Age-appropriate versions of the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals (CELF) were used to measure total, expressive, and receptive language at ages 3, 5, and 12years.

Estimated Risk of Developing Selected DSM-IV Disorders Among 5-Year-Old Children with Prenatal Cocaine Exposure.

This study estimated childhood risk of developing selected DSM-IV Disorders, including Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD), and Separation Anxiety Disorder (SAD), in children with prenatal cocaine exposure (PCE). Children were enrolled prospectively at birth (n=476) with prenatal drug exposures documented by maternal interview, urine and meconium assays. Study participants included 400 African-American children from the birth cohort, 208 cocaine-exposed (CE) and 192 non-cocaine-exposed (NCE) who attended a 5-year follow-up assessment and whose caregiver completed the Computerized Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children.

Neonatal ventral hippocampal lesions in male and female rats: effects on water maze, locomotor activity, plus-maze and prefrontal cortical GABA and glutamate release in adulthood.

Schizophrenia is characterized by diverse behavioural and neurochemical abnormalities that may be differentially expressed in males and females. Male rats with neonatal ventral hippocampal lesions (nVHL) have commonly demonstrated behavioural and neurochemical abnormalities similar to those in schizophrenia. Fewer studies have used female rats.