Efficient adaptive feature aggregation network for low-light image enhancement.

Existing learning-based methods for low-light image enhancement contain a large number of redundant features, the enhanced images lack detail and have strong noises. Some methods try to combine the pyramid structure to learn features from coarse to fine, but the inconsistency of the pyramid structure leads to luminance, color and texture deviations in the enhanced images. In addition, these methods are usually computationally complex and require high computational resource requirements.

A low-light image enhancement method with brightness balance and detail preservation.

This paper proposes a new method for low-light image enhancement with balancing image brightness and preserving image details, this method can improve the brightness and contrast of low-light images while maintaining image details. Traditional histogram equalization methods often lead to excessive enhancement and loss of details, thereby resulting in an unclear and unnatural appearance. In this method, the image is processed bidirectionally.

Determination of butyrylcholinesterase activity based on thiamine luminescence modulated by MnO nanosheets.

In this paper, a novel strategy for biosensing butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activity is developed based on manganese dioxide (MnO) nanosheets to modulate the photoluminescence of thiamine (TH). The oxidase-like activity of MnO nanosheets enables them to catalyze the oxidation of non-fluorescent substrate TH to generate strong fluorescent thiochrome (TC). When the target BChE is introduced to form thiocholine in the presence of S-butyrylthiocholine iodide (BTCh), MnO nanosheets are reduced by thiocholine to Mn, resulting in the loss of their oxidase-like activity and the reduction of TC fluorescence.

A dual-channel ratiometric fluorescent probe for determination of the activity of tyrosinase using nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots and dopamine-modified CdTe quantum dots.

A dual-channel ratiometric fluorometric assay is described for the determination of the activity of the enzyme tyrosinase (TYR). It is making use of blue-emitting nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots (bQDs) and of red-emitting dopamine-modified CdTe quantum dots (DA-rQDs). A mixture of the two kinds of quantum dots was prepared, with the ratiometric fluorescence intensity of red to blue adjusted to 5:1.

Study of Bi-directional detection for ascorbic acid and sodium nitrite based on Eu-containing luminescent polyoxometalate.

Eu-containing polyoxometalate KEu(SiMoWO)·28HO (Eu-SiMoW) owns the stimu-chromic and photoluminescence properties. An ingenious test of ascorbic acid (AA) and sodium nitrite (NaNO) was carried out based on the dual properties of Eu-SiMoW in solutions. First, the redox reaction of Eu-SiMoW and AA generated the blue reduced Eu-SiMoW, accompanied by fluorescence quenching; then the redox reaction of the reduced Eu-SiMoW and NaNO made Eu-SiMoW back to its original pale yellow state with red luminescence.

A multilayer assembly of two mixed-valence Mn16-containing polyanions and study of their electrocatalytic activities towards water oxidation.

Herein, two mixed-valence Mn16-containing polyanions, (Mn16) [MnIII10MnII6O6(OH)6(PO4)4(A-a-SiW9O34)4]28- (Mn16-Cs) and [MnIII4MnII12(OH)12(PO4)4(A-a-SiW9O34)4]28- (Mn16-Rb), were successfully fabricated on an indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass electrode and a glass carbon electrode (GCE) by a layer-by-layer assembly method. Moreover, four composite films, i.e.

Highly Efficient, Near-Infrared and Visible Light Modulated Electrochromic Devices Based on Polyoxometalates and WO Nanowires.

Over the past years the performance of electrochromic smart windows with the promising potential for significant energy savings has been progressively improved; however, the electrochromic windows have not yet to come into use at scale mainly because the electrochromic materials suffer from some significant drawbacks such as low coloration efficiency, slow switching time, bad durability and poor functionality. Herein, we fabricate the optically modulated electrochromic smart devices through sequential deposition of the crown-type polyoxometalates, KLiHPWO·92HO (PW), and WO nanowires. Unlike most reported electrochromic smart devices, the resulting PW and WO nanocomposites allow active and selective manipulation of the transmittance of near-infrared (750-1360 nm) and visible light (400-750 nm) by varying the applied potential.

Simple and efficient polyoxomolybdate-mediated synthesis of novel graphene and metal nanohybrids for versatile applications.

The application of nanohybrids based on polyoxomolybdates, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and/or metal nanoparticles (NPs) high-performance electrode materials in electrocatalysis and energy storage devices is promising but still limited due to the complexity and the cost of the synthesis. Here we introduce a simple polyoxomolybdate, [MoO(OH)(HO)(CO)] (MoS), as reducing and stabilizing agent for the facile and one-pot syntheses of large quantity of highly stable MoS/rGO and MoS/Au NPs nanohybrids in aqueous solution without any catalyst or toxic co-solvent. They were characterized by various physical techniques and electrochemistry which confirm strong interaction between MoS and rGO sheets.

Reference Intervals of Thyroid Function During Pregnancy: Self-Sequential Longitudinal Study Versus Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: A self-sequential longitudinal reference interval may be expected to minimize the inter-individual variation of thyroid function. Comparison between the self-sequential longitudinal reference interval (SLRI) and cross-sectional reference interval (CSRI) in pregnancy has not been well investigated. The objectives of this study were to establish a stringent SLRI of thyroid function in pregnant women and to compare it with the conventional CSRI.

Fabrication of white luminescence composite films containing Dy-polyoxometalate and the study of their luminescence switching behaviors.

White luminescence composite films containing Dy-polyoxometalate (Dy-POM) were firstly constructed by a layer-by-layer assembly method for the realization of electrically controlled luminescence switching. Additionally, blue-white luminescence could be switched by the choice of POM structural types and control of the concentration ratio of POM/Dy-POM in solution and composite films.

First Orange Fluorescence Composite Film Based on Sm-Substituted Tungstophosphate and Its Electrofluorochromic Performance.

We chose a Sm-containing sandwich-type tungstophosphate K3Cs8[Sm(PW11O39)2]·10H2O (SmPW11) as a molecular dyad, which contains photoluminescence and electrochromism components in a skeletal structure, and investigated its electrofluorochromic performance both in solution and in composite films. First, the electrochemical activity and luminescence property of SmPW11 were studied in different pH solutions to determine the optimal pH solution medium; and then, the electrofluorochromic performance of SmPW11 was investigated under the optimized pH solution medium. Subsequently, the composite films containing SmPW11 were prepared on quartz substrates and conductive ITO substrates through a layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly method, using PDDA and PEI as molecular linkers.

High Body Mass Index Is an Indicator of Maternal Hypothyroidism, Hypothyroxinemia, and Thyroid-Peroxidase Antibody Positivity during Early Pregnancy.

Background: Maternal thyroid dysfunction in early pregnancy may increase the risk of adverse pregnancy complications and neurocognitive deficiencies in the developing fetus. Currently, some researchers demonstrated that body mass index (BMI) is associated with thyroid function in nonpregnant population. Hence, the American Thyroid Association recommended screening thyroid function in obese pregnant women; however, the evidence for this is weak.

An effective combination of electrodeposition and layer-by-layer assembly to construct composite films with luminescence switching behavior.

This article presents a combination strategy of electrodeposition and a layer-by-layer assembly to fabricate functional composite films with luminescence switching behavior. Firstly, a novel green luminescence film consisting of 8-hydroxypyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid trisodium salt (HOPTS) was first obtained on ITO by a facile electrodeposition method. Then, the multilayer films containing different layers of tungstophosphate K12.

Iron deficiency, an independent risk factor for isolated hypothyroxinemia in pregnant and nonpregnant women of childbearing age in China.

Context: Isolated hypothyroxinemia during early pregnancy may irreversibly damage the neurodevelopment of offspring. However, the causes are not well clarified.

Objective: To explore the association of iron deficiency (ID) with hypothyroid function of women in early pregnancy and nonpregnant women.

Assessment of thyroid function during first-trimester pregnancy: what is the rational upper limit of serum TSH during the first trimester in Chinese pregnant women?

Context: Guidelines of the American Thyroid Association (ATA) proposed that the upper limit of the TSH reference range should be 2.5 mIU/L in first trimester, but the reported ranges in China are significantly higher.

Objective: Our objective was to establish a rational reference range of serum TSH for diagnosis of subclinical hypothyroidism in the first trimester of pregnant women in China.

Polyoxometalate-modulated self-assembly of polystyrene-block-poly(4-vinylpyridine).

Polyoxometalates can serve as active components to induce and modulate the micellization behavior of polystyrene-block-poly(4-vinylpyridine).

A novel detection of hydrogen peroxide based on a luminescent polyoxometalate.

In this paper, we attempt to construct a simple and sensitive detection method for hydrogen peroxide based on reversible colour change and luminescence switching modulated by the electrochemical stimulation and redox reaction of H(2)O(2) with electroreduced polyoxometalate. This method successfully combines the electrochromic and luminescent properties of the polyoxometalate to develop a novel detection method for H(2)O(2) with good reversibility, which displays high sensitivity, a wide linear range and a low detection limit to H(2)O(2).

Hierarchical self-assembly of surfactant-encapsulated and organically grafted polyoxometalate complexes.

A series of surfactant-encapsulated and organically grafted polyoxometalates (SEOPs) were prepared through a co-precipitation procedure. Through a rational selection of the molecular components in the structure of the complex, SEOP complexes self-assemble into ordered aggregates with two different hierarchical self-assembled structures in an organic solvent mixture of dichloromethane and methanol in different volume ratios. FTIR, (1)H NMR, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to characterize the self-assembly process and the involved driving forces.

Incorporation of polyoxotungstate complexes in silica spheres and in situ formation of tungsten trioxide nanoparticles.

In this paper, we demonstrated a new convenient route for in situ fabrication of well separated small sized WO(3) nanoparticles in silica spheres, through a predeposition of surfactant encapsulated polyoxotungates as tungsten source, and followed by a calcination process. In a typical procedure, selected polyoxotungates with different charges were enwrapped with dioctadecyldimethylammonium cations through electrostatic interaction. Elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and spectral characterization confirmed the formation of prepared complexes with the anticipated chemical structure.

An electroswitchable fluorescence thin-film based on a luminescent polyoxometalate cluster.

We selected a Eu(3+)-containing tungstogermanate [(CH(3))(4)N](2.5)H(7.5)[Eu(GeW(11)O(39))(H(2)O)(2)](2)·4.

Reaction controlled assemblies of polyoxotungstates (-molybdates) and coordination polymers.

To investigate the influence of reaction conditions on the compound structures, five polyoxometalate (POM)-supported inorganic-organic hybrid compounds, [Cu(I)(3)(L(1))(4)][PW(12)O(40)] (1), [Cu(I)(3)(L(1))(4)][PMo(12)O(40)] (2), [Cu(I)(3)(L(1))(4)][PW(12)O(40)] (3), [Cu(I)(3)(L(1))(3)][PW(12)O(40)] (4), and [Cu(I)(3)(L(2))(3)][PMo(12)O(40)] (5) [L(1) = 1,4-bis(pyrazol-1-ylmethyl)benzene, L(2) = 4,4'-bis(pyrazol-1-ylmethyl)biphenyl], were hydrothermally synthesized by tuning the reactant species and molar ratio and reaction temperature and were characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, PXRD, XPS, electrochemistry, SPS, and X-ray crystallography. Compounds 1 and 2 were synthesized in the isostructural state at 150 degrees C, in which L(1) ligands link Cu(I) ions, generating a cationic 2D 6(3) (hcb) skeleton {[Cu(3)(L(1))(4)](3+)}(n)-like sheet that further connects with POM anions, forming a neutral 2D (3,4)-connected network with a Schlafli symbol of (5(3))(2)(5(4);8(2)). In contrast, compound 3 was synthesized at a relatively lower reaction temperature (130 degrees C) than that for the synthesis of 1 and 2, which exhibits a similar 2D sheet-like cationic skeleton with 1 and 2.

In situ fabrication of flower-like gold nanoparticles in surfactant-polyoxometalate-hybrid spherical assemblies.

Flower-like gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) were fabricated in surfactant-PMo(12) hybrid assemblies, where PMo(12) served as a UV-switchable reducing agent for producing Au-NPs and the organic surfactant matrices played the role of a soft template for the formation of flower-like structure of Au-NPs.

Preparation and characterization of Langmuir-Blodgett films of wheel-shaped Cu-20 tungstophosphate and DODA by two different strategies.

A novel surfactant-encapsulated organic-inorganic hybrid compound (DODA)(24)Li[Cu(20)Cl(OH)(24)(P(8)W(48)O(184))] x 18 H(2)O (DODA-Cu20) has been prepared from the wheel-shaped tungstophosphate salt K(12)Li(13)[Cu(20)Cl(OH)(24)(H(2)O)(12)(P(8)W(48)O(184))] x 22 H(2)O (Cu20) and dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide (DODA), and it has been characterized by elemental analysis (EA), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), (1)H NMR, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. Monolayer and multilayer films of DODA-Cu20 were fabricated on different substrates by the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique using H(2)O as the subphase. Another type of organic-inorganic hybrid film, DODA/Cu20, was also deposited on the same substrates as used for the film containing DODA-Cu20 under the same conditions by the LB technique using a Cu20 aqueous solution as the subphase and DODA as the cationic amphiphile for comparison.

Organo-ruthenium supported heteropolytungstates: synthesis, structure, electrochemistry, and oxidation catalysis.

The reaction of [Ru(arene)Cl(2)](2) (arene = benzene, p-cymene) with [X(2)W(22)O(74)(OH)(2)](12-) (X = Sb(III), Bi(III)) in buffer medium resulted in four organo-ruthenium supported heteropolytungstates, [Sb(2)W(20)O(70)(RuC(6)H(6))(2)](10-) (1), [Bi(2)W(20)O(70)(RuC(6)H(6))(2)](10-) (2), [Sb(2)W(20)O(70)(RuC(10)H(14))(2)](10-) (3), and [Bi(2)W(20)O(70)(RuC(10)H(14))(2)](10-) (4), which have been characterized in solution by multinuclear ((183)W, (13)C, (1)H) NMR, UV-vis spectroscopy, electrochemistry, and in the solid state by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and elemental analysis. Polyanions 1, 2, and 4 crystallize in the triclinic system, space group P1 with the following unit cell parameters: K(5)Na(5)[Sb(2)W(20)O(70)(RuC(6)H(6))(2)] x 22 H(2)O (KNa-1), a = 12.1625(2) A, b = 13.

Synthesis and crystal structure of pseudo-sandwich-type heteropolytungstates functionalized by organometallic ruthenium(II).

The reaction between [XW(9)O(34)](9-) (X = As, P) and [RuC(6)H(6)Cl(2)](2) in aqueous buffer solution (pH 6.0) leads to the isolation of two pseudo-sandwich-type heteropolytungstates KNa(6)[(RuC(6)H(6))AsW(9)O(34)] x 17 H(2)O (As-1) and Na(7)[(RuC(6)H(6))PW(9)O(34)] x 14 H(2)O (P-2). Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses reveal that the two compounds have the following features: (1) in two polyanions [(RuC(6)H(6))XW(9)O(34)](7-) (X = As, 1; P, 2), the (RuC(6)H(6)) unit is linked via three Ru-O(W) bridges to the side of the trilacunary polyanion, while the lacunary site is still free; (2) the units 1 and 2 are connected exclusively by a central Na cation cluster to form the pseudo-sandwich-type heteropolytungstates; and (3) the pseudo-sandwich-type heteropolytungstates are further connected by Na or K cations to construct the 2D and 3D structures.