The ARC neurons play a crucial role in the regulation of energy homeostasis.

Recent single-cell RNA sequencing study suggested that CRABP1 expressing neurons in the arcuate nucleus (ARC neurons) were a distinct group of neurons. However, the physiological role of ARC neurons remains unexplored. Here, we demonstrated that ARC neurons played a crucial role in regulation of energy homeostasis in male mice.

Relationship between triglyceride glucose-body mass index and coronary artery calcium score in maintenance hemodialysis patients.

Background: This study investigated the association between coronary artery calcification (CAC) and triglyceride glucose-body mass index (TyG-BMI) in patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis (MHD).

Methods: We used computed tomography (CT) to assess coronary artery calcification score (CACS) using the Agatston method. The TyG index was multiplied by BMI to derive the TyG-BMI index.

Solanapyrone analogues from endophytic Nigrospora sphaerica MZW-A associated with the endangered conifer Pinus wangii.

Eight previously undescribed solanapyrone analogues, sphasolanapyrones A-H (1-8), together with four structurally related known compounds (9-12) were obtained from the solid fermentation of Nigrospora sphaerica MZW-A, an endophytic fungus isolated from the fresh branches of the endangered conifer Pinus wangii. This study represents the first investigation on the secondary metabolites of endophytic fungus associated with this precious plant. The structures and absolute configurations of compounds 1-8 were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations.

Undescribed polyketides from endophytes associated with the critically endangered conifer Abies beshanzuensis.

Four undescribed polyketides, beshanzones A (1) and B (2) as well as beshanhexanols A (3) and B (4), along with three known ones (5-7) were isolated from the rice fermentation of two endophytic fungi associated with the critically endangered Chinese endemic conifer Abies beshanzuensis. γ-Butyrolactone derivatives 1, 2, and 5 were isolated from Phomopsis sp. BSZ-AZ-2, an interesting strain that drawn our attention this time.

Salt Tolerance in : Elucidating Growth and Physiological Adaptations to Saline Environments.

Adversity stress is the main environmental factor limiting plant growth and development, including salt and other stress factors. This study delves into the adaptability and salt tolerance mechanisms of , a species with potential for cultivation in salinized areas. We subjected the plants to various salt concentrations to observe their growth responses and to assess key physiological and biochemical indicators.

Bialorastins A-F, highly oxygenated and polycyclic andrastin-type meroterpenoids with proangiogenic activity from the deep-sea cold-seep-derived fungus Penicillium bialowiezense CS-283.

Six new highly oxygenated and polycyclic andrastin-type meroterpenoids, namely, bialorastins A-F (1-6), were discovered from the culture of Penicillium bialowiezense CS-283, a fungus isolated from the deep-sea cold seep squat lobster Shinkaia crosnieri. The planar structures and absolute configurations of these compounds were determined by detailed analysis of spectroscopic data, single crystal X-ray diffraction, and TDDFT-ECD calculations. Structurally, bialorastin A (1) represents a rare 17-nor-andrastin that possesses an unusual 2-oxaspiro[4.

Establishing an evaluation index system of nursing quality for clinical drug trials: A Delphi study.

Aims: To construct a quality evaluation index system for clinical drug trials nursing management and obtain the weight of all indicators.

Design: A mixed-method research design with a quantitative component was used, primarily qualitative.

Methods: Through a literature review and semi-structured interview, an expert consultation questionnaire on the quality of nursing evaluation indicators for clinical drug trials was developed in April 2021.

Natural products with 1,2-oxazine scaffold: occurrence, chemical diversity, bioactivity, synthesis, and biosynthesis.

Covering: up to the end of July, 20231,2-Oxazine is a heterocyclic scaffold rarely found in natural products and is characterized by a directly connected N-O bond in a six-membered ring. Since the discovery of geneserine, the first 1,2-oxazine-containing natural product (1,2-oxazine NP) being isolated from Calabar bean () in 1925, a total of 76 naturally occurring 1,2-oxazine NPs have been isolated and identified from various sources, which have attracted the attention of researchers in the field of natural product chemistry, organic synthesis, biosynthesis, and pharmacology. This review summarizes the chemical family of 1,2-oxazine NPs, focusing on their source organisms, structural diversities, chemical synthesis, and biosynthesis.

EphA3 deficiency in the hypothalamus promotes high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice.

Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular carcinoma A3 (EphA3) is a member of the largest subfamily of tyrosine kinase receptors-Eph receptors. Previous studies have shown that EphA3 is associated with tissue development. Recently, we have found that the expression of EphA3 is elevated in the hypothalamus of mice with diet-induced obesity (DIO).

Antibacterial Indole Diketopiperazine Alkaloids from the Deep-Sea Cold Seep-Derived Fungus .

A large body of fungal secondary metabolites has been discovered to exhibit potent antibacterial activities with distinctive mechanisms and has the potential to be an untapped resource for drug discovery. Here, we describe the isolation and characterization of five new antibacterial indole diketopiperazine alkaloids, namely 24,25-dihydroxyvariecolorin G (), 25-hydroxyrubrumazine B (), 22-chloro-25-hydroxyrubrumazine B (), 25-hydroxyvariecolorin F (), and 27-epi-aspechinulin D (), along with the known analogue neoechinulin B () from a fungal strain of deep-sea cold seep-derived . Among these compounds, and represented a class of infrequently occurring fungal chlorinated natural products.

The predictive value of nontraditional lipid parameters for intracranial and extracranial atherosclerotic stenosis: a hospital-based observational study in China.

Background: Ischemic strokes are primarily caused by intracranial and extracranial atherosclerotic stenosis. Nontraditional lipid parameters broaden traditional lipid profiles, better reflect the metabolism and interaction between different lipid components, and optimize the predictive ability of lipid profiles for atherosclerotic diseases. This research was carried out to investigate the predictive value of nontraditional lipid parameters for intracranial or extracranial atherosclerotic stenosis.

Plasmapheresis compared with conventional treatment for hypertriglyceridemia-induced acute pancreatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The treatment of acute pancreatitis (AP) induced by hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) remains controversial with regard to plasmapheresis vs conventional treatment. We reviewed relevant articles to explore the efficacy of plasmapheresis in the management of HTG-induced AP.

Methods: We systematically reviewed studies that compared plasmapheresis with conventional treatment for HTG-induced AP using three databases: PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library, as well as relevant references.

Comparative transcriptome analysis of leaf, stem, and root tissues of Semiliquidambar cathayensis reveals candidate genes involved in terpenoid biosynthesis.

Background: Semiliquidambar cathayensis is a traditional medicinal plant and endemic species in China. Its roots, branches, leaves, bark, and nectar are known to have therapeutic effects against rheumatoid arthritis, lumbar muscle strain, and several other diseases. However, limited knowledge regarding the molecular properties of S.

The central nervous system control of energy homeostasis: High fat diet induced hypothalamic microinflammation and obesity.

Obesity is believed to arise through the imbalance of energy homeostasis controlled by the central nervous system, where the hypothalamus plays the fundamental role in energy metabolism. In this review, we will provide an overview regarding the functions of POMC neurons and AgRP neurons in acute nucleus of the hypothalamus which mediated the energy metabolism, highlighting their interactions with peripheral organs derived hormones in control of energy homeostasis. Furthermore, the role of high fat diet induced hypothalamic microinflammation in the pathogenesis of obesity will be discussed.

Chevalinulins A and B, Proangiogenic Alkaloids with a Spiro[bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-diketopiperazine] Skeleton from Deep-Sea Cold-Seep-Derived Fungus CS-122.

Chevalinulins A () and B (), two indole diketopiperazine alkaloids containing an unprecedented spiro[bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-diketopiperazine] skeleton, together with a known analogue neoechinulin B (), were isolated from the deep-sea cold-seep-derived fungus CS-122.

A concise synthesis of herbertenolide.

A concise synthesis of (±)-herbertenolide has been accomplished herein. The strategy relies on a HO-mediated oxidative ring contraction of all-substituted cyclic α-formyl ketones for the stereospecific construction of contiguous quaternary carbon centers (CQCCs). Furthermore, a Sc(OTf)/chiral ,'-dioxide catalyzed asymmetric Michael addition of benzofuranone to MVK has been optimized for forging a chiral aromatic quaternary carbon center, which enables the formal synthesis of (+)--herbertenolide.

Six New Antimicrobial Metabolites from the Deep-Sea Sediment-Derived Fungus SD-406.

Six new metabolites, including a pair of inseparable mixtures of secofumitremorgins A () and B (), which differed in the configuration of the nitrogen atom, 29-hydroxyfumiquinazoline C (), 10-15-methylpseurotin A (), 1,4,23-trihydroxy-hopane-22,30-diol (), and sphingofungin I (), together with six known compounds (- and -), were isolated and identified from the deep-sea sediment-derived fungus SD-406. Their structures were determined by detailed spectroscopic analysis of NMR and MS data, chiral HPLC analysis of the acidic hydrolysate, X-ray crystallographic analysis, -based configuration analysis, and quantum chemical calculations of ECD, OR, and NMR (with DP4+ probability analysis). Among the compounds, / represent a pair of novel scaffolds derived from indole diketopiperazine by cleavage of the amide bond following aromatization to give a pyridine ring.

Conservation of griseofulvin genes in the gsf gene cluster among fungal genomes.

The polyketide griseofulvin is a natural antifungal compound and research in griseofulvin has been key in establishing our current understanding of polyketide biosynthesis. Nevertheless, the griseofulvin gsf biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) remains poorly understood in most fungal species, including Penicillium griseofulvum where griseofulvin was first isolated. To elucidate essential genes involved in griseofulvin biosynthesis, we performed third-generation sequencing to obtain the genome of P.

Compound heterozygous pathogenic variants in the gene cause infant-onset Krabbe disease.

Background: Krabbe disease, also called globoid cell leukodystrophy, is an autosomal recessive disease caused by a deficiency of lysosomal galactocerebrosidase. Infantile Krabbe occurring before 12 months of age accounts for most cases. Typical clinical features include irritability, seizures, peripheral neuropathy, and progressive neurodegeneration.

Lycopene Alleviates Hepatic Hypoxia/Reoxygenation Injury Through Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway in AML12 Cell.

[Figure: see text] Lycopene (lyc) has an effect on preventing cancer, yet its effects on hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury remained obscure. The study aimed at discovering its role in preventing hepatic cells against H/R injury. Hepatic cells were incubated in hypoxia incubator to simulate ischemia/reperfusion injury .

Hypothalamic extended synaptotagmin-3 contributes to the development of dietary obesity and related metabolic disorders.

The C domain containing protein extended synaptotagmin (E-Syt) plays important roles in both lipid homeostasis and the intracellular signaling; however, its role in physiology remains largely unknown. Here, we show that hypothalamic E-Syt3 plays a critical role in diet-induced obesity (DIO). E-Syt3 is characteristically expressed in the hypothalamic nuclei.

Harmful chemicals of heat not burn product and its induced oxidative stress of macrophages at air-liquid interface: Comparison with ultra-light cigarette.

Background: Harmful and potential harmful chemicals (HPHCs) and oxidative stress of macrophages are major factors responsible for smoking-caused chronic respiratory diseases. However, comparisons of HPHCs among heat not burn (HnB) product and ultra-light cigarette and their induced oxidative stress of macrophages have not been investigated.

Aim: The study detected HPHCs deliveries from HnB and ultra-light and measured their induced oxidative stress of macrophages cultured at air-liquid interface (ALI).

MRPL35 Is Up-Regulated in Colorectal Cancer and Regulates Colorectal Cancer Cell Growth and Apoptosis.

Mitochondrial ribosome proteins (MRPs), which are encoded by the nuclear genomic DNA, are important for mitochondrial-encoded protein synthesis and mitochondrial function. Emerging evidence suggests that several MRPs also exhibit important extra-mitochondrial functions, such as involvement in apoptosis, protein biosynthesis, and signal transduction. In this study, we demonstrate a significant role of MRP L35 (MRPL35) in colorectal cancer (CRC).

RasGRF2 promotes migration and invasion of colorectal cancer cells by modulating expression of MMP9 through Src/Akt/NF-κB pathway.

Ras-specific guanine nucleotide-releasing factor 2 (RasGRF2) is a member of the guanine nucleotide exchange factors family which is expressed in a variety of tissues and cancer. However, the role of RasGRF2 in cancer is less reported, especially in colorectal cancer(CRC). Hence, the present study aimed to investigated the function of RasGRF2 and ways in which it affects tumor progression in CRC samples and cell lines.