Isolating Immune Cells from Mouse Brain and Skull.

Mounting evidence indicates that the immune response triggered by brain disorders (e.g., brain ischemia and autoimmune encephalomyelitis) occurs not only in the brain, but also in the skull.

Microglial heterogeneity in the ischemic stroke mouse brain of both sexes.

Background: Ischemic stroke elicits a complex and sustained immune response in the brain. Immunomodulatory treatments have long held promise for improving stroke outcomes, yet none have succeeded in the clinical setting. This lack of success is largely due to our incomplete understanding of how immune cells respond to stroke.

Characterizing the complete mitogenome of (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and its mitochondrial phylogeny.

Described originally from Heilongjiang, China, is a potential pest of threatening bean plant in northern China. The complete mitochondrial genome of was sequenced and assembled, with a total length of 15,540 bp. Within this genome, 37 genes have been identified: 13 PCGs, 22 tRNAs, two rRNAs, and two putative control regions.

New synonymy among gall thrips of the Asian genus , with revision of species from China (Thysanoptera, Haplothripini).

Historical, nomenclatural, technical, and biological problems associated with the 42 species of are discussed. Type specimens have been re-examined of 14 of the 25 species that were described prior to 1930 and remain known only from imperfectly slide-mounted specimens. As a result, seven new synonyms are recognised.

Therapeutic Potential of Targeting the PERK Signaling Pathway in Ischemic Stroke.

Many pathologic states can lead to the accumulation of unfolded/misfolded proteins in cells. This causes endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and triggers the unfolded protein response (UPR), which encompasses three main adaptive branches. One of these UPR branches is mediated by protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK), an ER stress sensor.

Leaf-feeding species of the genus Liothrips from China (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripinae).

The 250 species of the second largest genus of Thysanoptera, Liothrips, are known as feeding mainly on green leaves, with many inducing galls or associated with galls. In China, 33 species are recognized including L. brevis sp.

The Oriental fungus-feeding genus Ananthakrishnan, 1964 from China with one new species and four new records (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae, Phlaeothripinae).

, a genus of fungus-feeding Phlaeothripinae , is easily recognized by the complex sculpture on the body surface. It is species-rich in the Oriental region, with 10 species here recognized from China, including and four new records. An illustrated key to the species from China is provided.

The extraordinary rearrangement of mitochondrial genome of the wheat pest, Aptinothrips stylifer and the mitochondrial phylogeny of Thripidae (Thysanoptera).

The mitochondrial gene order in Thysanoptera is notably distinct and highly rearranged, with each species exhibiting its own unique arrangement. To elucidate the relationship between gene rearrangements and phylogeny, the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of the wheat pest, Aptinothrips stylifer, was sequenced and assembled, spanning a total length of 16,033 bp. Compared with the ancestral arthropod mitogenome, significant rearrangement differences were evident in A.

Ant-mimicking thrips of the genus Compsothrips Reuter from China(Phlaeothripidae, Idolothripinae).

Species of Compsothrips are ant-mimics in body form and structure. In contrast to the predatory species of ant-mimicking Aeolothripidae, these species feed by ingesting fungal spores. Worldwide, there are 27 species listed in this genus, with three recorded here from China.

Structural diversity among the leaf-feeding thrips of Australia in the genus Teuchothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripinae) with 20 new species.

An identification system, together with illustrated notes, is presented to 34 species of the genus Teuchothrips known from Australia, including the following 20 species newly described: T. agonis sp.n.

Taxonomic review of the Oriental genus Priesner (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae).

Species of the Oriental subtropical and tropical genus of fungus-feeding thrips exhibit some diagnostic character states, usually with abdominal tergite VIII bearing two pairs of wing-retaining setae and male tergite IX setae S2 about as long as S1. These species are quite small, and the maxillary stylets unusually broad for Phlaeothripinae. from Xizang, China and from Selangor, Malaysia are described, and is newly recorded from China.

Multi-omics integration strategy in the post-mortem interval of forensic science.

Estimates of post-mortem interval (PMI), which often serve as pivotal evidence in forensic contexts, are fundamentally based on assessments of variability among diverse molecular markers (including proteins and metabolites), their correlations, and their temporal changes in post-mortem organisms. Nevertheless, the present approach to estimating the PMI is not comprehensive and exhibits poor performance. We developed an innovative approach that integrates multi-omics and artificial intelligence, using multimolecular, multimarker, and multidimensional information to accurately describe the intricate biological processes that occur after death, ultimately enabling inference of the PMI.

Novel ratio-expressions of genes enables estimation of wound age in contused skeletal muscle.

Given that combination with multiple biomarkers may well raise the predictive value of wound age, it appears critically essential to identify new features under the limited cost. For this purpose, the present study explored whether the gene expression ratios provide unique time information as an additional indicator for wound age estimation not requiring the detection of new biomarkers and allowing full use of the available data. The expression levels of four wound-healing genes (Arid5a, Ier3, Stom, and Lcp1) were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction, and a total of six expression ratios were calculated among these four genes.

Sexual dimorphism of feeding stylets in some Thysanoptera - Phlaeothripinae, with description of two new species of from China.

Sexual dimorphism in feeding stylets is recorded among some Phlaeothripinae that have maxillary stylets long and close together in females but wider apart in males. These atypical long feeding stylets have been found in two new species of from China, both taken on from Plateau zone. Two species are described and illustrated: from Helanshan Mountain and from Tibet.

The genus Liothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) in Australia.

Eight species of Liothrips are recognised from Australia, including L. burwelli sp.n.

Review of the genus Zimmermann from China and Southeast Asia (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae, Phlaeothripinae).

is a genus of leaf-feeding species from the Old World tropics that is distinguished from and by the large number of tergal wing-retaining setae. Eight species are recognized from China and Southeast Asia including from Tibet and from Yunnan, both taken on the leaves of trees. An illustrated identification key to these eight species is provided here.

Exploring postmortem succession of rat intestinal microbiome for PMI based on machine learning algorithms and potential use for humans.

The microbial communities may undergo a meaningful successional change during the progress of decay and decomposition that could aid in determining the post-mortem interval (PMI). However, there are still challenges to applying microbiome-based evidence in law enforcement practice. In this study, we attempted to investigate the principles governing microbial community succession during decomposition of rat and human corpse, and explore their potential use for PMI of human cadavers.

A Modified Transcranial Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Model to Study Stroke Outcomes in Aged Mice.

In experimental stroke research, middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) with an intraluminal filament is widely used to model ischemic stroke in mice. The filament MCAO model typically exhibits a massive cerebral infarction in C57Bl/6 mice that sometimes includes brain tissue in the territory supplied by the posterior cerebral artery, which is largely due to a high incidence of posterior communicating artery atresia. This phenomenon is considered a major contributor to the high mortality rate observed in C57Bl/6 mice during long-term stroke recovery after filament MCAO.

Sustained overexpression of spliced X-box-binding protein-1 in neurons leads to spontaneous seizures and sudden death in mice.

The underlying etiologies of seizures are highly heterogeneous and remain incompletely understood. While studying the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathways in the brain, we unexpectedly discovered that transgenic mice (XBP1s-TG) expressing spliced X-box-binding protein-1 (Xbp1s), a key effector of UPR signaling, in forebrain excitatory neurons, rapidly develop neurologic deficits, most notably recurrent spontaneous seizures. This seizure phenotype begins around 8 days after Xbp1s transgene expression is induced in XBP1s-TG mice, and by approximately 14 days post induction, the seizures evolve into status epilepticus with nearly continuous seizure activity followed by sudden death.

Screening criteria of mRNA indicators for wound age estimation.

Wound age estimation is a crucial and challenging problem in forensic pathology. Although mRNA is the most commonly used indicator for wound age estimation, screening criteria are lacking. In the present study, the feasibility of screening criteria using mRNA to determine injury time based on the adenylate-uridylate-rich element (ARE) structure and gene ontology (GO) categories were evaluated.

Novel Prediction Method Applied to Wound Age Estimation: Developing a Stacking Ensemble Model to Improve Predictive Performance Based on Multi-mRNA.

(1) Background: Accurate diagnosis of wound age is crucial for investigating violent cases in forensic practice. However, effective biomarkers and forecast methods are lacking. (2) Methods: Samples were collected from rats divided randomly into control and contusion groups at 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 h post-injury.

The genus Priesner (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripinae, Haplothripini) from China, with one new species.

The genus Priesner is a group of mainly wingless species in the tribe Haplothripini. The genus is diagnosed here based on the three species known from China, including Dang & Qiao collected from bases of grass in Tibet. An illustrated identification key to the three species from China is provided and the CO1 barcode sequence is given for the new species.

A new species of the genus Psilota Meigen, 1822 (Diptera: Syrphidae) from China.

The genus Psilota Meigen, 1822 is recorded for the first time from China, and the species Psilota bashanensis Huo and Zhao sp. nov. is described and illustrated based on the adult male.

[Exploration and practice of the teaching system for "Human and Animal Physiology" in post pandemic era].

After the outbreak of COVID-19, the widespread application of online teaching has brought challenges and opportunities for higher education. Developing an effective teaching system is the focus of curriculum teaching reform in the post pandemic era. According to the characteristics of Human and Animal Physiology, the course teachers has developed a new teaching system by updating the teaching concept, reconstructing the contents of the course, changing the teaching modes, strengthening the integration of moral and intellectual education, and improving the assessment approaches.

A novel method for determining postmortem interval based on the metabolomics of multiple organs combined with ensemble learning techniques.

Determining postmortem interval (PMI) is one of the most challenging and essential endeavors in forensic science. Developments in PMI estimation can take advantage of machine learning techniques. Currently, applying an algorithm to obtain information on multiple organs and conducting joint analysis to accurately estimate PMI are still in the early stages.