A pattern recognition receptor C-type lectin TcCTL14 contributes to immune response and development in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum.

Evidence is accumulating that pattern recognition receptor (PRR) C-type lectins (CTL) play essential roles in recognition of pathogens. TcCTL14 (accession no. TC00871) contains the most domains among all CTL of Tribolium castaneum.

Three cytochrome P450 CYP4 family genes regulated by the CncC signaling pathway mediate phytochemical susceptibility in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum.

Background: Insect cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) play a crucial role in phytochemical metabolism and tolerance. Three P450 genes (TcCYP4Q3, TcCYP4Q5, and TcCYP4Q7) are associated with the response of eugenol in Tribolium castaneum. However, the responding mechanisms of these P450 genes to eugenol remain unknown.