Shallow burial of drip irrigation tape improves the water use efficiency of potatoes in semi-arid areas.

Water scarcity constrains potato production in arid and semiarid regions. Therefore, improving water use efficiency is critical for sustainable potato production. We use Inner Mongolia of China as a case site to examine the effects of shallowly burying drip irrigation tape (SSI) on water use efficiency over four years by comparing it with surface drip irrigation (SI) in terms of tuber yield, irrigation water productivity (WP), root dry weight, leaf area index (LAI), dry matter accumulation of potatoes, and evapotranspiration.

Genome-wide identification, characterization and expression pattern analysis of HAK/KUP/KT potassium transporter gene family in potato.

The HAK/KUP/KT (High-affinity K transporters/K uptake permeases/K transporters) is the largest and most dominant potassium transporter family in plants, playing a crucial role in various biological processes. However, our understanding of HAK/KUP/KT gene family in potato ( L.) remains limited and unclear.

Meeting the Demand for Different Nitrogen Forms in Potato Plants Without the Use of Nitrification Inhibitors.

The preference of potato plants for specific nitrogen (N) form changes with growth stage. Potato plants prefer nitrate N before tuber formation, while they favor ammonium N after tuber formation. However, few studies have focused on N species management in potato production.

Implementing a soil ammonium N fertilizer management for synchronizing potato N demands.

Potatoes, as a high-nitrogen (N)-demand crop, are strongly influenced by both the quantity and form of N supply. Previous studies have demonstrated that applying nitrate N prior to tuber formation and ammonium N post-tuber formation can substantially enhance potato yields and improve N fertilizer use efficiency. However, the ammonium N introduced into the soil undergoes nitrification, creating challenges in aligning the N supply form with the needs of potatoes.

Optimizing nutrient inputs by balancing spring wheat yield and environmental effects in the Hetao Irrigation District of China.

The Hetao Irrigation District is the primary spring wheat production region in China. However, overuse and unscientific use of chemical fertilizer have resulted in low nutrient use efficiency and potential risks to the environment. Balanced fertilization (BF), a 29.

Potato tuber degradation is regulated by carbohydrate metabolism: Results of transcriptomic analysis.

Tuber number is an essential factor determining yield and commodity in potato production. The initiation number has long been considered the sole determinant of the final total tuber number. In this study, we observed that tuber numbers at harvest were lower than at the tuber bulking stage; some formed tubers that were smaller than 3 cm degraded during development.

Death-Domain-Receptor 3 Deletion Normalizes Inflammatory Gene Expression and Prevents Ileitis in Experimental Crohn's Disease.

Background: TNF-like cytokine 1A (TL1A) and its functional receptor, death-domain-receptor-3 (DR3), are multifunctional mediators of effector and regulatory immunity. We aimed to evaluate the functional role and therapeutic potential of TL1A/DR3 signaling in Crohn's disease-like ileitis.

Methods: Ileitis-prone SAMP1/YitFc (SAMP) and TNFΔARE/+ mice were rendered deficient for DR3 or TL1A by microsatellite marker-assisted backcrossing.

Death Receptor 3 Signaling Controls the Balance between Regulatory and Effector Lymphocytes in SAMP1/YitFc Mice with Crohn's Disease-Like Ileitis.

Death receptor 3 (DR3), a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily, has been implicated in regulating T-helper type-1 (T1), type-2 (T2), and type-17 (T17) responses as well as regulatory T cell (T) and innate lymphoid cell (ILC) functions during immune-mediated diseases. However, the role of DR3 in controlling lymphocyte functions in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is not fully understood. Recent studies have shown that activation of DR3 signaling modulates T expansion suggesting that stimulation of DR3 represents a potential therapeutic target in human inflammatory diseases, including Crohn's disease (CD).

Chemical signals and their regulations on the plant growth and water use efficiency of cotton seedlings under partial root-zone drying and different nitrogen applications.

Partial root-zone drying during irrigation (PRD) has been shown effective in enhancing plant water use efficiency (WUE), however, the roles of chemical signals from root and shoot that are involved and the possible interactions affected by nitrogen nutrition are not clear. Pot-grown cotton ( spp.) seedlings were treated with three levels of N fertilization and PRD.

Epithelial-specific Toll-like Receptor (TLR)5 Activation Mediates Barrier Dysfunction in Experimental Ileitis.

Background: A large body of evidence supports a central role of TLR5 and its natural ligand, flagellin, in Crohn's disease (CD), with the precise mechanism(s) still unresolved.

Methods: We investigated the role of flagellin/TLR5 in SAMP1/YitFc (SAMP) mice, a spontaneous model of Crohn's disease-like ileitis.

Results: Ileal Tlr5 and serum antiflagellin IgG antibodies were increased in SAMP before the onset of inflammation and during established disease; these trends were abrogated in the absence of colonizing commensal bacteria.

A Novel Role for TL1A/DR3 in Protection against Intestinal Injury and Infection.

TNF-like cytokine 1A (TL1A) is expressed on APCs and provides costimulatory signals to activated lymphocytes that bear its functional receptor, death receptor 3 (DR3). TL1A/DR3 signaling is involved in the pathogenesis of human and experimental inflammatory bowel disease. In the current study, we investigated the role of this cytokine/receptor pair in acute intestinal injury/repair pathways.

AtDsPTP1 acts as a negative regulator in osmotic stress signalling during Arabidopsis seed germination and seedling establishment.

Dual-specificity protein phosphatases (DsPTPs) target both tyrosine and serine/threonine residues and play roles in plant growth and development. We have characterized an Arabidopsis mutant, dsptp1, which shows a higher seed germination rate and better root elongation under osmotic stress than the wild type. By contrast, its overexpression line, DsPTP1-OE, shows inhibited seed germination and root elongation; and its complemented line, DsPTP1-Com, resembles the wild type and rescues DsPTP1-OE under osmotic stress.

The Tomato 14-3-3 protein TFT4 modulates H+ efflux, basipetal auxin transport, and the PKS5-J3 pathway in the root growth response to alkaline stress.

Alkaline stress is a common environmental stress, in particular in salinized soils. Plant roots respond to a variety of soil stresses by regulating their growth, but the nature of the regulatory pathways engaged in the alkaline stress response (ASR) is not yet understood. Previous studies show that PIN-FORMED2, an auxin (indole-3-acetic acid [IAA]) efflux transporter, PKS5, a protein kinase, and DNAJ HOMOLOG3 (J3), a chaperone, play key roles in root H(+) secretion by regulating plasma membrane (PM) H(+)-ATPases directly or by targeting 14-3-3 proteins.

The tumor necrosis factor-like cytokine 1A/death receptor 3 cytokine system in intestinal inflammation.

Purpose Of Review: Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-like cytokine 1A (TL1A) associates with the death receptor 3 (DR3) on activated lymphocytes and induces proinflammatory signals. The decoy receptor 3 (DcR3) competes for TL1A binding and inhibits functional signaling. This review focuses on the role of the TL1A/DR3/DcR3 cytokine system in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs).

Class III peroxidases are activated in proanthocyanidin-deficient Arabidopsis thaliana seeds.

Background And Aims: It has previously been shown that proanthocyanidins (PAs) in the seed coat of Arabidopsis thaliana have the ability to scavenge superoxide radicals (O2(-)). However, the physiological processess in PA-deficit seeds are not clear. It is hypothesized that there exist alternative ways in PA-deficient seeds to cope with oxidative stress.

Abscisic acid accumulation modulates auxin transport in the root tip to enhance proton secretion for maintaining root growth under moderate water stress.

Maintenance of root growth is essential for plant adaptation to soil drying. Here, we tested the hypothesis that auxin transport is involved in mediating ABA's modulation by activating proton secretion in the root tip to maintain root growth under moderate water stress. Rice and Arabidopsis plants were raised under a hydroponic system and subjected to moderate water stress (-0.

PIN2 is required for the adaptation of Arabidopsis roots to alkaline stress by modulating proton secretion.

Soil alkalinity is a widespread environmental problem that limits agricultural productivity. The hypothesis that an auxin-regulated proton secretion by plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase plays an important role in root adaption to alkaline stress was studied. It was found that alkaline stress increased auxin transport and PIN2 (an auxin efflux transporter) abundance in the root tip of wild-type Arabidopsis plants (WT).

Smart role of plant 14-3-3 proteins in response to phosphate deficiency.

Higher plants adapt to phosphorus deficiency through a complex of biological processes. Among of them, two adaptive processes are very important for the response of higher plants to phosphorus deficiency. One is the enhancement of root growth by regulating carbohydrate metabolism and allocation, and the other is rhizosphere acidification to acquire phosphorus efficiently from soil.

Proanthocyanidins inhibit seed germination by maintaining a high level of abscisic acid in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Proanthocyanidins (PAs) are the main products of the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway in seeds, but their biological function during seed germination is still unclear. We observed that seed germination is delayed with the increase of exogenous PA concentration in Arabidopsis. A similar inhibitory effect occurred in peeled Brassica napus seeds, which was observed by measuring radicle elongation.

TFT6 and TFT7, two different members of tomato 14-3-3 gene family, play distinct roles in plant adaption to low phosphorus stress.

14-3-3 proteins are a large family of proteins but exact roles of their members in plant response to abiotic stresses are not clear, especially under nutrient deficiency. We investigated the expressions of all the tomato 14-3-3 gene family members (TFT1-TFT12) under low phosphorus stress (LP) and found that TFT6 belongs to the later responsive gene while TFT7 belongs to the early responsive gene. When the two genes were separately introduced into Arabidopsis and overexpressed, their plant growth under LP was much enhanced compared with wild-type plant.

ABA signal in rice under stress conditions.

Ever since its discovery, abscisic acid (ABA) has been intensively studied due to its versatile functions in plant developmental and physiological processes. Many signaling details of ABA have been well elucidated and reviewed. The identification of ABA receptors is a great breakthrough in the field of ABA study, whereas the discovery of ABA transporter has changed our concept that ABA is delivered solely by passive transport.

Ascorbic acid and reactive oxygen species are involved in the inhibition of seed germination by abscisic acid in rice seeds.

The antagonism between abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellin (GA) plays a key role in controlling seed germination, but the mechanism of antagonism during this process is not known. The possible links among ABA, reactive oxygen species (ROS), ascorbic acid (ASC), and GA during rice seed germination were investigated. Unlike in non-seed tissues where ROS production is increased by ABA, ABA reduced ROS production in imbibed rice seeds, especially in the embryo region.

Modulation of anti-oxidation ability by proanthocyanidins during germination of Arabidopsis thaliana seeds.

Proanthocyanidins (PAs) as the end products of flavonoid biosynthetic pathway mainly accumulate in seed coat but their biological function is largely unknown. We studied the anti-oxidation ability in seed coat and germination changes under externally applied oxidative stresses in PAs-deficient mutants of Arabidopsis. Germination of PAs-deficient mutant seeds was faster than that of wild-type under low or no oxidative stress, suggesting a PAs-induced inhibition of germination.

HYL1 regulates the balance between adaxial and abaxial identity for leaf flattening via miRNA-mediated pathways.

HYPONASTIC LEAVES1 (HYL1) is an important regulator of microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis. Incurvature of rosette leaves in loss-of-function mutants of HYL1 implicates the regulation of leaf flatness by HYL1 via miRNA pathways. Recent studies have identified jba-1D, jaw-1D, and oe-160c, the dominant mutants of MIR166g, MIR319a, and MIR160c genes, respectively, which display three types of leaf curvature.