Transcriptional Regulation of Jaw Osteoblasts: Development to Pathology.

Craniofacial and jaw bones have unique physiological specificities when compared to axial and appendicular bones. However, the molecular profile of the jaw osteoblast (OB) remains incomplete. The present study aimed to decipher the bone site-specific profiles of transcription factors (TFs) expressed in OBs in vivo.

In Situ Hybridization in Mineralized Tissues: The Added Value of LNA Probes for RNA Detection.

In situ hybridization (ISH) is one of the fundamental methods in developmental biology and neurobiology. Their first ISH protocols were reported in 1969 (Gall and Pardue, Proc Natl AcadSci USA 63:378-83, 1969). Since several decades, ISH based on the specific hybridization of 100-2000 nucleotides long probes enabled the localization of DNA/RNA sequences in tissues and cells with high cellular resolution.

Gene Mutation: Amelogenesis or Ectopic Mineralization?

gene mutations result in enamel renal syndrome (ERS) associated with amelogenesis imperfecta (AI), nephrocalcinosis, gingival fibromatosis, and impaired tooth eruption. FAM20A would control the phosphorylation of enamel peptides and thus enamel mineralization. Here, we characterized the structure and chemical composition of unerupted tooth enamel from ERS patients and healthy subjects.

[Enamel: a unique self-assembling in mineral world].

Enamel is a unique tissue in vertebrates, acellular, formed on a labile scaffolding matrix and hypermineralized. The ameloblasts are epithelial cells in charge of amelogenesis. They secrete a number of matrix proteins degraded by enzymes during enamel mineralization.

Screening for significant chronic liver disease by using three simple ultrasound parameters.

Objectives: Chronic liver diseases remain asymptomatic for many years. Consequently, patients are diagnosed belatedly, when cirrhosis is unmasked by lifethreatening complications. We aimed to identify simple ultrasound parameters for the screening of patients with unknown significant chronic liver disease.

Effect of motor imagery in children with unilateral cerebral palsy: fMRI study.

Background: Motor imagery is considered as a promising therapeutic tool for rehabilitation of motor planning problems in patients with cerebral palsy. However motor planning problems may lead to poor motor imagery ability.

Aim: The aim of this functional magnetic resonance imaging study was to examine and compare brain activation following motor imagery tasks in patients with hemiplegic cerebral palsy with left or right early brain lesions.

The effect of video-guidance on passive movement in patients with cerebral palsy: fMRI study.

In patients with cerebral palsy (CP), neuroimaging studies have demonstrated that passive movement and action-observation tasks have in common to share neuronal activation in all or part of areas involved in motor system. Action observation with simultaneous congruent passive movements may have additional effects in the recruitment of brain motor areas. The aim of this functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study was to examine brain activation in patients with unilateral CP during passive movement with and without simultaneous observation of simple hand movement.

Effect of observation of simple hand movement on brain activations in patients with unilateral cerebral palsy: an fMRI study.

The aim of this functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study was to examine and compare brain activation in patients with unilateral cerebral palsy (CP) during observation of simple hand movement performed by the paretic and nonparetic hand. Nineteen patients with clinical unilateral CP (14 male, mean age 14 years, 7-21 years) participated in the study. Hand motor impairment was assessed using the sequential finger opposition task.

An improved method for the recovery of mycoplasmas from the external ear canal of goats.

The efficacy of ear canal flushing and ear canal and mouth swabbing methods for the isolation of mycoplasmas was investigated in 39 goats. Of the 19 goats positive for Mycoplasma spp., 14 (73.

Evaluation of an ear flushing technique as a postmortem measure of infestation of Raillietia auris (Leidy) (Acari) in cattle.

The effectiveness of recovery of Raillietia auris by flushing the ear canals of recently slaughtered cattle with 20 or 40 ml (two flushes of 20 ml) of water was evaluated. Flushing the ear canals with 40 ml is recommended as a measure of prevalence and density of infestation of Raillietia auris.