Superparamagnetic composites of lignin regenerated from ionic liquid solutions for the efficient and selective removal of cationic dyes.

Magnetic lignin nanoparticles (MLNs) were prepared by inducing their self-assembly through lignin regeneration in the [N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone][C1-C4 carboxylic acid] ionic liquids ([NMP]ILs), which are low-cost protic ionic liquid. [NMP]ILs are self-assembling solvent that can enhance the adsorption capacity of MLNs to a greater degree than tetrahydrofuran or HO. Additionally, the anion types of [NMP]IL greatly influence the physiochemical properties of MLNs.

Magnetically nanorized seaweed residue for the adsorption of methylene blue in aqueous solutions.

The cost-effective and green separation of dye pollutants from wastewater is of great importance in environmental remediation. Industrial seaweed residue (SR), as a low-cost cellulose source, was used to produce carboxylated nanorized-SR (NSR) oxalic acid (OA)-water pretreatments followed by ultrasonic disintegration. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray polycrystalline diffraction, nitrogen isotherms, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry, X-ray photoelectron spectrometry, particle charge detection, zeta potential and retro titration experiments were utilized to explore the physiochemical properties of samples.

Response surface optimization of ionic liquid pretreatments for maximizing cellulose nanofibril production.

Pretreatments with aqueous protic ionic liquid (PIL)-ethanolamine bis(oxalate) ([MEA][(HOA)(HOA)]), combined with ultrasonic disintegration, were employed in cellulose nanofibril (CNF) production from pulp fibers. The optimization of pretreatment parameters is crucial for obtaining the maximum CNF yield. The response surface methodology was used to design the pretreatment conditions for preparing CNFs.

Enhanced oxidative depolymerization of lignin in cooperative imidazolium-based ionic liquid binary mixtures.

The aerobic oxidation of lignin model 2-phenoxyacetophenone (2-PAP) in cooperative ionic liquid mixtures (CoILs) with 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([CCim]OAc) and 1-benzyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([BCim]NTf) was investigated. Complete degradation of 2-PAP was achieved with [CCim]OAc/[BCim]NTf molar ratio (R) of 1/1 and 1/2 at 100 °C for 2 h. The conversion and product yields from CoILs were higher than those in pure ILs, indicating the cooperative effects of [CCim]OAc/[BCim]NTf on cleaving aryl-ether bonds.

1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ionic liquid as simple and efficient catalytic system for the oxidative depolymerization of alkali lignin.

The oxidative depolymerization of alkali lignin (AL) in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([CCim]OAc) system without additional catalyst was investigated under mild conditions (initial O pressure of 1.5 MPa, 80 °C-100 °C). Compared with other ionic liquids (ILs), the cooperation of imidazolium cation and acetate anion successfully enhanced AL conversion.

Water addition enhanced thermal stability of alkylimidazolium acetate in Ionosolv treatment of lignin.

Water addition was found to enhance the thermal stability of alkylimidazolium-acetate ionic liquids (ILs). Especially in the case of high water content (30-50 wt%), few decomposition products can be observed in the H NMR spectra even after treatment for 24 h at 150 °C. On the basis of this finding, lignin treatment of water and acetate IL mixtures (50-90 wt% IL content) were investigated at 150 °C.

Understanding lignin treatment in dialkylimidazolium-based ionic liquid-water mixtures.

The treatment of enzymatically hydrolyzed lignin (EHL) in dialkylimidazolium-based ionic liquid (IL)-water mixtures (50-100wt% IL content) was investigated at 150°C for 3h. pH, IL type, and IL content were found to greatly influence the degradation of lignin and the structure of regenerated lignin. 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium methylsulfonate-water mixtures with low pH facilitated lignin depolymerization but destroyed the regenerated lignin substructure.

Lignin dissolution in dialkylimidazolium-based ionic liquid-water mixtures.

Lignin dissolution in dialkylimidazolium-based ionic liquid (IL)-water mixtures (40wt%-100wt% IL content) at 60°C was investigated. The IL content and type are found to considerably affect lignin solubility. For the IL-water mixtures except 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([C4C1im]BF4), the maximum lignin solubility can be achieved at 70wt% IL content.

Collagen/cellulose hydrogel beads reconstituted from ionic liquid solution for Cu(II) adsorption.

A novel adsorbent, biodegradable collagen/cellulose hydrogel beads (CCHBs), was prepared by reconstitution from a 1-butyl, 3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C4mim]Cl) solution. The adsorption properties of the CCHBs for Cu(II) ion removal from aqueous solutions were investigated and compared with those of cellulose hydrogel beads (CHBs). The CCHBs have a three-dimensional macroporous structure whose amino groups are believed to be the main active binding sites of Cu(II) ions.

[Determination of the solubility parameter of organosolv lignin by inverse gas chromatography].

An inverse gas chromatographic (IGC) method has been used to measure the solubility parameters (delta2) of organosolv lignin at the absolute temperatures from 333.15 K to 373.15 K.